Kvaliteta vune autohtone ličke Pramenke

Smatra se da su ovce prve životinje koje je čovjek pripitomio nakon psa. Počele su se pripitomljavati još u kameno doba zbog mesa i mlijeka, ali i zbog krzna koje je ljude štitilo od hladnoće. Ne čudi stoga da je ovca jedan od zaštitnih znakova Like, a predenje vune jedno od glavnih događaja na kojem su se ljudi, osim što su vunu prerađivali i pripremali za daljnju obradu, ujedno i družili u hladnim ličkim danima. Iako se autohtona lička pramenka uzgajala na području Like stoljećima, sustavno istraživanje kvalitete vune ličke pramenke do sada nije provedeno. Stoga je cilj ovog završnog rada definiranim metodama objektivnog mjerenja i vrednovanja kvalitete grubih vuna karakterizirati vunu ličke pramenke kako bi ista, osim u tzv. „biljcima“ i „štramcima“ našla upotrebu u proizvodima veće dodane vrijednosti. Time bi se doprinijelo očuvanju tradicije i održivom razvoju Like

Stavby pro chov ovcí a koz v ekologickém zemědělství

S podporou a rozvojem pastvinářství se objevuje i návrat tradičních druhů zvířat jako jsou ovce a kozy na naše pastviny. Ideální podmínky pro návrat těchto druhů užitkových zvířat skýtají právě ekofarmy a režim ekologického zemědělství. Ekologické zemědělství je způsob hospodaření, které dbá na životní prostředí a které svým šetrným působením zachovává a respektuje přirozené vztahy mezi organizmy a člověkem. Podporuje zemědělskou činnost s kladným vztahem ke zvířatům, půdě, rostlinám a přírodě bez používání umělých hnojiv, chemických přípravků, postřiků, hormonů a umělých látek

Merkmale der landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugung in den Siedlungen der Starčevo-Kultur im Gebiet zwischen dem heutigen Vinkovci und Slavonski Brod, Kroatien

Obavljena su istraživanja deset lokaliteta starčevačke kulture u istočnom dijelu Hrvatske. Starčevačka je kultura na prostoru naših istraživanja trajala od 6000. do oko 5100. prije Krista. Lokaliteti su smješteni na površini od oko 1100 km2 između gradova Vinkovaca i Slavonskog Broda. Analizirane su tehnologije poljoprivredne proizvodnje, procijenjena mogućnost obujma proizvodnje i, na osnovi toga, mogući rast brojnosti stanovništva. Upotrebljavane su efikasne tehnologije proizvodnje žitarica i mesa goveda. Za uspješnu i opsežniju proizvodnju žitarica i mesa goveda bile su potrebne šumske biljne zajednice. Zaključeno je da je stanovništvo doseljeno, jer nema nalaza koji bi dokazivali postupni razvoj poljoprivrednih tehnologija. Uzgajali su emmer (Triticum dicoccum) i einkorn (Triticum monococcum) te već domesticirane ovce, a mjesto domestikacije emmera, einkorna i ovce su područja Palestine i Anatolije. S istraženoga područja nastavilo se seljenje prema zapadu Hrvatske gdje se javlja linearnotrakasta keramika koja se daljnjim seljenjem, uz prenošenje žitarica (emmera i einkorna) i ovčarske proizvodnje, proširila do područja Nizozemske i Ukrajine, a brže seljenje odvijalo se u smjerovima na kojima su se nalazile šumske biljne zajednice. Prijelaz iz starčevačke u sopotsku kulturu koji karakteriziraju veće društvene promjene, mogao je ubrzati iseljavanje stanovništva iz južne i zapadne Panonije.Research of ten sites of the Starčevo culture in the eastern part of Croatia has been published. The Starčevo culture, in the area of our research, existed from 6000 to 5100 B.C. The sites are situated in an area of 1100 square km between the towns Vinkovci and Slavonski Brod. The authors of the research analysed technologies of agricultural production, assessed the possibility of production volume thus estimating the possible growth of population. Efficient technologies of cereal crops and beef production were used. For a successful and more extensive production of cereals and beef woodland plant communities were needed. It has been concluded that the inhabitants were settlers because there are no findings to prove a gradual development of agricultural technologies. They cultivated emmer (Triticum dicoccum), and einkorn (Triticum monococcum) and raised already domesticated sheep, Palestine and Anatolia being the places of domestication for emmer, einkorn and sheep. From the area researched movement continued towards the west of Croatia where linear-stripped ceramics could be found, moving further again with the crops (emmer and einkorn) and sheep raising, spreading all the way to the Netherlands as well as Ukraine, while a faster movement took place in the directions where there were woodland plant communities to be found. The transformation from the Starčevo to the Sopot culture, characterised by significant social changes, could have quickened the pace of emigration from southern and west Panonia.Der Artikel berichtet über die Erforschung von Siedlungsresten an insgesamt zehn Lokalitäten der Starčevo-Kultur im Osten Kroatiens. Die in diesem Raum nachgewiesene Kultur dauerte von 6000 bis etwa 5100 v.Chr. Die Siedlungsreste befinden sich auf einer Fläche von ungefähr 1100 km2 zwischen den Städten Vinkovci und Slavonski Brod. Man analysierte die zu jener Zeit verfügbare Technologie der Feldbestellung, unternahm eine Schätzung des landwirtschaftlichen Ertrags sowie aufgrund dessen eine Schätzung des Bevölkerungswachstums. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass wirksame Methoden zur Getreidegewinnung und Rinderzucht angewandt worden waren. Zur Steigerung der Erzeugung von Getreide und Rindfleisch war der Aufenthalt in der unmittelbaren Nähe von Wald-Pflanzengemeinschaften notwendig. Die Forschung kam zum Schluss, dass es sich bei den Menschen der Starčevo-Kultur um Zuzügler handelte, da es keinerlei Nachweise gibt, die die allmähliche Entwicklung landwirtschaftlicher Technologien bestätigen. Angebaut wurden Emmer (Triticum dicoccum) und Einkorn (Triticum monococcum), als Haustiere dienten bereits domestizierte Schafe. Es ist jedoch bekannt, dass die genannten Getreidearten sowie das Schaf im Gebiet Palästinas und Anatoliens domestiziert wurden. Die Menschen der Starčevo-Kultur setzten ihre Wanderung in das Gebiet Westkroatiens, wo die ersten Gefäße aus Schnurkeramik gefunden wurden, fort. Von dort weitete sich die Schnurkeramik mitsamt dem darin transportierten Getreide (Emmer und Einkorn) wie auch die Schafzucht bis in das Gebiet der heutigen Niederlande und der Ukraine aus. In waldreichen Gegenden gingen die Wanderzüge schneller vor sich. Der Übergang von der Starčevo- zur Sopot-Kultur, den bedeutende gesellschaftliche Wandel charakterisieren, hat möglicherweise die Auswanderung der in Süd- und Westpannonien lebenden Volksstämme beschleunigt

Prilog kontrastivnoj analizi frazema sa zoonimskom sastavnicom u hrvatskome i češkome jeziku

U prilogu se s kontrastivnog aspekta analiziraju frazemi hrvatskoga i češkoga jezika kojima je sastavnica zoonim. Životinja je još od pradavnih vremena najbliži čovjekov suputnik. U svim se narodima životinjama pripisuju simbolična značenja i ljudske osobine i to najčešće one negativne što ćemo i pokušati dokazati ovim prilogom. Naime, ljudi su kroz povijest pripisivali životinjama određene stereotipe. Tako se pozitivno određuju domaće životinje i to one od kojih čovjek ima više koristi, za razliku od divljih prema kojima je puno kritičniji i skloniji negativnome određenju. S obzirom na to da zoonimska frazeologija obuhvaća širok dijapazon različitih značenja u ovome ćemo se prilogu baviti onim frazemima koji svojim značenjem ulaze u koncept ljudskih osobina, stanja, izgleda, načina kretanja te odnosa prema jelu i piću. Pri tome se objašnjava i simbolika pojedine životinje jer se time razumije i pozadinska slika pojedina frazema. Također u prilogu se provodi i kontrastivna analiza izdvojenih hrvatskih i čeških frazema s obzirom na navedene koncepte te se utvrđuju podudarnosti i razlike. Ključne riječi: frazem; zoonim; frazemska pozadinska slika; kontrastivna analiza; hrvatski jezik; češki jezikThe paper analyses phrasemes in the Croatian and Czech languages that contain zoonymic components from the contrastive point of view. Phrasemes containing a zoonymic component are probably the largest thematic group in Slavic phraseology, probably because of the fact that animals have always been man’s closest companions. Considering that zoonymic phraseology encompasses a broad range of different meanings, this paper will focus on those phrasemes whose meanings are connected to the concepts of human attributes, states, appearance and treatment of food and drink. At the same time, we explain the symbolism of each animal, since this enables us to understand the background of individual meanings of phrasemes. The paper also includes a contrastive analysis of selected Croatian and Czech phrasemes with an emphasis on the aforementioned concepts in which similarities and differences are determined

Upala vimena

Dok su preci naših domaćih životinja, a u prvom redu ovdje mislimo na goveda, koze i ovce, živjeli u slobodi, vime je stvaralo i izlučivalo toliko mlijeka koliko je potrebno za prehranu mladunčeta. Kada se mladunče počelo samostalno hraniti drugom hranom, vime je uskoro prestalo izlučivati mlijeko, pa bi sasvim presušilo, dakako samo do nove bređosti, odnosno do idućeg porođaja

Agroecological conditions for growing some hybrids of sunflower in Ovche Pole region

Sunflower is a very important agricultural crop in the Republic of Macedonia and in other countries around the world. It is a high-yielding oilseed industrial culture, and it is characterized by high fatness that ranges up to 50% of the total weight of the seed in newer hybrids. This study used the latest hybrids that are grown in Macedonia without irrigational conditions in the Ovce pole region (dry and warm region). These characteristics in the production of sunflower were a challenge to set up and examine 12 varieties of hybrids in the Ovce pole region in the period from 2016 to 2017, from the sowing stage (April 2016/17) up to the phase of the sunflower harvest (Sept. 2016/17)

Forensic analysis of bone in Regio antebrachii of deer (Capreolus capreolus) and sheep (Ovis aries) in order to determine origin of animal species

There are frequent cases of poaching in which it is necessary to determine to which animal species the prey belonged on the basis of morphological characteristics of the bone. In this case, the Department of Forensic Medicine received material for giving an expert opinion on the left and right forearm (radius and ulna) and twelve pieces of the ribs. The ribs were completely broken, so in order to identify the bones as belonging to a particular animal species, only the radius and ulna were used. Forensic analysis was perfomed by comparing the osteological features of the delivered bones with those of museum specimens of deer and sheep bones. The forearm (ossa antebrachii) of the deer is slender and thin, and it is massive and heavier in sheep. There are two interosseus spaces (spatium interosseum antebrachii) of the forearm in the deer and only one in the sheep. The olecranon tuber (tuber olecrani) of the sheep is triangular in shape, and in deer it is divided into cranial and caudal prominences. The radial tuberosity (tuberositas radii) of the sheep is better defined. Based on morphological characteristics of the disputed bones we found that the submitted material originated from a doe

Role of minerals in animal health disorders

All mineral matter, essential or non-essential, can have a significant influence on production results and the health of animals, if large quantities of them are present in a feed ration. A maximally tolerant content depends on the animal specie and category. Many factors, such as physiological status (growth, lactation, etc.), nutritive status, content and ratio of nutritive matter in the ration, duration of exposure, and the biological level of utilization of elements, also affect the maximally tolerant content of mineral matter in feed. The content of certain mineral matter in plant feed significantly depends on the soil factor, as well as the content and level of utilization of mineral matter from the soil. Mn, Se and Mo can be present in plant feed in such quantities as to induce toxicosis. Industrial contaminants, Cd, Pb or F, can contaminate plants, in particular their leaves, in quantities which lead to the appearance of clinical signs of conventional toxicosis. Moreover, natural water can contain large quantities of S, F, Na, Mg, or Fe, and certain mineral matter can get into water through industrial waste. In addition to the above, it is possible to cause unwanted effects through the frequent, but primarily unprofessional use of mineral additives, since it is extremely important, besides meeting the mineral requirements of each individual element, to secure a ratio among the mineral matter themselves as well as with other nutritive matter. Mineral matter present in food are in mutual interference, and these relations can be synergistic or antagonistic. The sufficiency of a large number of mineral matter has a negative effect on the utilization of other matter (conditional and/or border deficiency), while certain elements cause the clinical appearance of toxic effects. The accidental intake of large quantities of certain mineral matter is revealed as clinical signs of acute toxicosis, which is very different from chronic effects caused by the intake of increased quantities of mineral matter over a longer time period