Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements for in Situ Characterization of Lunar Soil

Magnetic separation is a viable method for concentration of components of lunar soils and rocks for use as feedstocks for manufacture of metals, oxygen, and for recovery of volatiles such as He-3. Work with lunar materials indicates that immature soils are the best candidates for magnetic beneficiation. The magnetic susceptibility at which selected soil components such as anorthite, ilmenite, or metallic iron are separated is not affected by soil maturity, but the recovery of the concentrated components is. Increasing soil maturity lowers recovery. Mature soils contain significant amounts of glass-encased metallic iron. Magnetic susceptibility, which is sensitive to metallic iron content, can be used to measure soil maturity. The relationship between the ratio of magnetic susceptibility and iron oxide and the conventional maturity parameter, I(sub s)/FeO, ferromagnetic resonant intensity divided by iron oxide content is given. The magnetic susceptibilities were determined using apparatus designed for magnetic separation of the lunar soils

Named Models in Coalgebraic Hybrid Logic

Hybrid logic extends modal logic with support for reasoning about individual states, designated by so-called nominals. We study hybrid logic in the broad context of coalgebraic semantics, where Kripke frames are replaced with coalgebras for a given functor, thus covering a wide range of reasoning principles including, e.g., probabilistic, graded, default, or coalitional operators. Specifically, we establish generic criteria for a given coalgebraic hybrid logic to admit named canonical models, with ensuing completeness proofs for pure extensions on the one hand, and for an extended hybrid language with local binding on the other. We instantiate our framework with a number of examples. Notably, we prove completeness of graded hybrid logic with local binding

Neighborly Cubical Polytopes and Spheres

We prove that the neighborly cubical polytopes studied by G"unter M. Ziegler and the first author arise as a special case of neighborly cubical spheres constructed by Babson, Billera, and Chan. By relating the two constructions we obtain an explicit description of a non-polytopal neighborly cubical sphere and, further, a new proof of the fact that the cubical equivelar surfaces of McMullen, Schulz, and Wills can be embedded into R^3.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figure

Method of magnetic separation and apparatus therefore

An apparatus for magnetically separating and collecting particulate matter fractions of a raw sample according to relative magnetic susceptibilities of each fraction so collected is disclosed. The separation apparatus includes a splitter which is used in conjunction with a magnetic separator for achieving the desired fractionation

Uus ravijuhendite veeb on avatud

Eesti Arst 2017; 96(9):511–51

5,6-Dihydro-2H-pyran-3(4H)-on als Baustein zur Synthese pyrananellierter Heterocyclen

Während 5,6-Dihydro-2H-pyran-3(4H)-on (3) sich mit ortho-substituierten Phenylcarbonylverbindungen nur in Einzelfällen regioselektiv zu pyrananellierten Heterocyclen umsetzt - z. B. zum Pyrano[2,3-b]chinolin 7c -, gelingt das besser mit dem aus 3 hergestellten Enamin 15d, dem Silylenolether 18 und dem daraus gewonnenen Lithiumenolat 14. Diese Pyranderivate mit 2,3-oder 3,4-Doppelbindungen eignen sich zur gezielten Darstellung von 2- oder 4-substituierten 3-Pyranonen - z.B. 2, 21a, 21b, 23a-c, 26a-c, 31a-c, 32, sowie 35a-c - und von Pyrano[3,2-b]- oder -[3,4-b]chinolinen, -chinolonen, -chromonen und -thiochromonen 6a, 30a-c und 38a-d

Belüftungs- oder Kühllager?

Kocheigenschaften und Geschmack von ökologisch und konventionell erzeugten Kartoffeln stimmen nicht immer überein. Auch im Lager ist die Entwicklung der Geschmackseigenschaften unterschiedlich: Manche Sorten bevorzugen Kühllager mit konstanten Temperaturen, andere ein Belüftungslager. Um herauszufinden, wie sich der Geschmack während der Lagerung verändert, fanden in den letzten zwei Jahren in Westfalen-Lippe Testessen nach der Ernte, im Winter und im zeitigen Frühjahr statt. Sechs bis zwölf Tester verkosteten bis zu 18 Sorten. Getestet wurden Kartoffeln aus vorgekeimtem und nicht vorgekeimtem Pflanzgut. Fleischfarbe, Feuchte, Kochfestigkeit und Geschmack sowie der Gesamteindruck der Knolle wurden bewertet. Die Kartoffeln wurden teils in einem Kühllager (konstante Temperatur bei 4 °C und mindestens 96 Prozent relative Luftfeuchtigkeit), teils in einem Belüftungslager (schwankende Temperaturen, geringere Luftfeuchtigkeit) gelagert

Dictators, Repression and the Median Citizen: An “Eliminations Model” of Stalin’s Terror (Data from the NKVD Archives)

This paper sheds light on dictatorial behavior as exemplified by the mass terror campaigns of Stalin. Dictatorships – unlike democracies where politicians choose platforms in view of voter preferences – may attempt to trim their constituency and thus ensure regime survival via the large scale elimination of citizens. We formalize this idea in a simple model and use it to examine Stalin’s three large scale terror campaigns with data from the NKVD state archives that are accessible after more than 60 years of secrecy. Our model traces the stylized facts of Stalin’s terror and identifies parameters such as the ability to correctly identify regime enemies, the actual or perceived number of enemies in the population, and how secure the dictators power base is, as crucial for the patterns and scale of repression.Dictatorial systems, Stalinism, Soviet State and Party archives, NKVD, OPGU,Repression