HUBUNGAN USIA, JENIS KELAMIN DAN STATUS NUTRISI DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS DI RSUP DR. KARIADI SEMARANG

Background: One – third of the populations in the world are being infected by tuberculosis. In 2010, Indonesia was proven to be the 4th country in terms of the amount of people that are being infected by tuberculosis. Actually TB is a chronic disease that leads to anemia. Anemia itself can cause the extension of patients’ length of stay in hospital and also has a major impact to the patient’s quality of life. Anemia that impacted to tuberculosis’ patients is a result of bad nutrition consumed by the patient, therefore it is presumed that the serum albumin concentration, which is used as a parameter of the nutrition, is also a risk factor of anemia in tuberculosis. Goal: To find out whether gender, age, and nutritional state are related to anemia in tuberculosis. Method: This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. The subjects were 73 medical records of tuberculosis patients. The data consisted of identity, age, gender, and laboratory test that included hemoglobin and serum albumin concentration as the parameter of nutritional state. The statistic test used was Chi Square test. Result: Age could not be concluded related to anemia in tuberculosis (RP=1,0; CI 95 %=0,6-1,5). Gender could not be concluded related to anemia in tuberculosis (RP=0,8; CI 95%=0,6-1). The nutritional state could be concluded related to anemia in tuberculosis (RP=1,3; CI 95%=1,09 – 1,7). Conclusion: According to the analysis of the research; age and gender can not be concluded related to anemia in tuberculosis. Nutritional state is related to anemia in tuberculosis. Keywords: tuberculosis, anemia, age, gender, nutritional state, serum albumin concentration

EFFECT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA COOKIES IN ANEMIA ADOLESCENT

Anemia is one of four nutritional problems in Indonesia. Groups that are susceptible to anemia are young women. Anemic adolescent girls are due to iron intake from insufficient food, menstruation, and activities. With the high incidence of anemia in young women so that prevention and treatment is needed. Anemia treatment efforts can use local foodstuffs for Moringa Oleifera. Moringa leaves have a high nutritional content of protein and iron. Moringa leaves with processing into cookies is one of the alternative utilization of moringa leaves for the prevention and treatment of anemia in young women. The purpose of research is to assess the effect of Moringa Oleifera cookies in anemia women adolescent. The research used was quasi experiment with pre test post test group control design with the intervention of Moringa Oleifera cookies in women adolescent anemia. Subjects in this study are 62 women adolescent anemia. The results showed that most respondents aged 10-13 years (64.5%), most of the nutritional status of respondents nornal nutritional status (91.9%), mean Hb before intervention 11.13 ± 0.81 and mean Hb after intervention 12.67 ± 1.08. There showed that there were effect of Moringa Oleifera cookies to female teenage Hb (p <0,05). It can be concluded that there is an effect of Moringa Oleifera cookies to anemia female adolescent Keywords: Cookies, Moringa Oleifera, Adolescents, Anemi

Predictors of anemia in preschool children: Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project.

Background: A lack of information on the etiology of anemia has hampered the design and monitoring of anemia-control efforts.Objective: We aimed to evaluate predictors of anemia in preschool children (PSC) (age range: 6-59 mo) by country and infection-burden category.Design: Cross-sectional data from 16 surveys (n = 29,293) from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project were analyzed separately and pooled by category of infection burden. We assessed relations between anemia (hemoglobin concentration &lt;110 g/L) and severe anemia (hemoglobin concentration &lt;70 g/L) and individual-level (age, anthropometric measures, micronutrient deficiencies, malaria, and inflammation) and household-level predictors; we also examined the proportion of anemia with concomitant iron deficiency (defined as an inflammation-adjusted ferritin concentration &lt;12 μg/L). Countries were grouped into 4 categories on the basis of risk and burden of infectious disease, and a pooled multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted for each group.Results: Iron deficiency, malaria, breastfeeding, stunting, underweight, inflammation, low socioeconomic status, and poor sanitation were each associated with anemia in &gt;50% of surveys. Associations between breastfeeding and anemia were attenuated by controlling for child age, which was negatively associated with anemia. The most consistent predictors of severe anemia were malaria, poor sanitation, and underweight. In multivariable pooled models, child age, iron deficiency, and stunting independently predicted anemia and severe anemia. Inflammation was generally associated with anemia in the high- and very high-infection groups but not in the low- and medium-infection groups. In PSC with anemia, 50%, 30%, 55%, and 58% of children had concomitant iron deficiency in low-, medium-, high-, and very high-infection categories, respectively.Conclusions: Although causal inference is limited by cross-sectional survey data, results suggest anemia-control programs should address both iron deficiency and infections. The relative importance of factors that are associated with anemia varies by setting, and thus, country-specific data are needed to guide programs

Descriptive of Nutritional Anemia Incidence in Pregnant Women in the Working Area of Perumnas Health Center in District of Lahat

Background : Nutritional anemia is one of the four nutritional problems in Indonesia. Nutritional anemia often suffered by people, both children, adolescent of productive age, pregnant women or old people. Nutritional anemia in pregnancy is not only found in developing countries but also in developed countries. The reasons vary, from bleeding, iron deficiency, folic acid, vitamin B12, to hemolytic disorders. This study aims to determine nutritional anemia picture of events in pregnant women in the working area of Perumnas Health Center in District of Lahat 2009. Method : Descriptive survey using a cross-sectional research design. Population in this study was all pregnant women in the working area of Perumnas Health Center in District of Lahat, amounting to 80 people. The sample in this study is the entire population numbering 80 people. Primary data colletion is done by using the tools of angket, while secondary data obtained through the relevant documents. Result : The possible risk factors for the occurrence of anemia is a pregnant women age &gt; 35 years, low education, work, level of risk parity (≥ 4 times), the distance risk pregnancies (&lt; 2 years), age III trimester of pregnancy, family income &lt; UMP and never consume Fe tablets. All of these factors associated with lack of nutritional knowledge. Conclusion : Lack of nutritional knowledge are intimately associated with the incidence of anemia. This research suggested the need to do intensive counseling to pregnant women and health workers are expected to be able to provide information about nutrition in pregnant women

Anemia Prevalence among Pregnant Women and Birth Weight in Five Areas in China

Objectives: To investigate the current prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in different areas of China and the association with birth weight and educational level. Methods: A total of 6,413 women aged 24-37 in the third trimester of pregnancy from five areas were randomly selected from all gravidas who gave birth in the hospitals from 1999 to 2003. Blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) was measured by the cyanomethemoglobin method; Hb <110 g/l was considered as anemia. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was 58.6%, ranging from 48.1 to 70.5% in the five areas. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of anemia between women who have mental jobs and those who have physical jobs (52.3 vs. 61.1%, p <0.01). The prevalence of anemia depended on the level of education: with 52.9, 62.4 and 66.5%, for college, secondary school and primary education, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.005). Results showed that higher birth weight was associated with Hb concentrations ranging from 90 to 140 g/l, whereas lower birth weight occurred below 80 g/l and above 140 g/l Hb. Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia in Chinese pregnant women was high both in rural areas and towns. Area of residence, education level and type of job influenced the prevalence of anemia. Low maternal Hb concentrations influenced birth weight

Gambaran Anemia Gizi Dan Kaitannya Dengan Asupan Serta Pola Makan Pada Tenaga Kerja Wanita Di Tangerang, Banteng

Health and nutritional status of female workers are factors determining the quality of human resources in the future. A cross sectional study was done in shoes factory on cutting and trimming department in Tangerang district, Banten. This study was conducted to observe the nutritional enemia profile in this group employing questionaire, anthropometricmeasurement, physical and laboratory examination. The population was female workers. Subjects were chossen using inclusion criteria. A total of 125 persons were admitted in this study. Overall the prevalence of undernutrition was 23 (18.4%). Anemia was found in 78 (62.4%), consisted of 55 (44%) nutritional anemia and 23 (18.4%) unknown caused. Nutritional anemia were separated to iron deficiency anemia 44 (35.2%),B12 deficiency anemia 2 (1.6%), iron + B12 deficiency anemia 4 (3.2%), iron + folic acid deficiency anemia 2 (1.6%), B12 + folic acid deficiency anemia 2 (1.6%), iron + B12 + folic acid deficiency anemia 1 (0.8%). This study concluded that the nutritional anemia was related significantly (p&lt;0.05) to inadequacy protein and iron intake was well as unpair food pattern. In the future, effort should be done to give adequate nutrients intake especially sources of protein, iron, folic acid and B12 vitamin

Earliest Porotic Hyperostosis on a 1.5-Million-year-old Hominin, olduvai gorge, Tanzania.

Meat-eating was an important factor affecting early hominin brain expansion, social organization and geographic movement. Stone tool butchery marks on ungulate fossils in several African archaeological assemblages demonstrate a significant level of carnivory by Pleistocene hominins, but the discovery at Olduvai Gorge of a child's pathological cranial fragments indicates that some hominins probably experienced scarcity of animal foods during various stages of their life histories. The child's parietal fragments, excavated from 1.5-million-year-old sediments, show porotic hyperostosis, a pathology associated with anemia. Nutritional deficiencies, including anemia, are most common at weaning, when children lose passive immunity received through their mothers' milk. Our results suggest, alternatively, that (1) the developmentally disruptive potential of weaning reached far beyond sedentary Holocene food-producing societies and into the early Pleistocene, or that (2) a hominin mother's meat-deficient diet negatively altered the nutritional content of her breast milk to the extent that her nursing child ultimately died from malnourishment. Either way, this discovery highlights that by at least 1.5 million years ago early human physiology was already adapted to a diet that included the regular consumption of meat

Low Dose Daily Iron Supplementation Improves Iron Status and Appetite but not Anemia, Whereas Quarterly Anthelminthic Treatment Improves Growth, Appetite and Anemia in Zanzibari Preschool Children.

Iron deficiency and helminth infections are two common conditions of children in developing countries. The consequences of helminth infection in young children are not well described, and the efficacy of low dose iron supplementation is not well documented in malaria-endemic settings. A 12-mo randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial of 10 mg daily iron and/or mebendazole (500 mg) every 3 mo was conducted in a community-based sample of 459 Zanzibari children age 6-71 mo with hemoglobin > 70 g/L at baseline. The trial was designed to examine treatment effects on growth, anemia and appetite in two age subgroups. Iron did not affect growth retardation, hemoglobin concentration or mild or moderate anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L or < 90 g/L, respectively), but iron significantly improved serum ferritin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin. Mebendazole significantly reduced wasting malnutrition. but only in children <30 mo old. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for mebendazole in this age group were 0.38 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.90) for weight-for-height less than -1 Z-score and 0.29 (0.09, 0.91) for small arm circumference. In children <24 mo old, mebendazole also reduced moderate anemia (AOR: 0.41, 0.18, 0.94). Both iron and mebendazole improved children's appetite, according to mothers' report. In this study, iron's effect on anemia was limited, likely constrained by infection, inflammation and perhaps other nutrient deficiencies. Mebendazole treatment caused unexpected and significant reductions in wasting malnutrition and anemia in very young children with light infections. We hypothesize that incident helminth infections may stimulate inflammatory immune responses in young children, with deleterious effects on protein metabolism and erythropoiesis

Hubungan Antara Status Gizi Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Siswi SMP Negeri 10 Manado.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS GIZI DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA SISWI SMP NEGERI 10 MANADO. Lisma La Pou1), Nova. H. Kapantow1), Maureen I. Punuh1) 1)Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi ABSTRACT Anemia is a common nutritional problem in adolescents, nutritional problems in adolescent caused by incorrect nutrition behavior, namely the imbalance between nutritional intake with the recommended nutrition adequacy. According to WHO (2008), the prevalence of anemia in the world by 2005 as much as 24.8% of the total world population, the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls in Southeast Asia about 25-40% suffer from mild to severe anemia. According to Riskesdas 2013 the prevalence of anemia in adolescents is 21.7%. The problem of anemia in adolescent girls will result in motor development, mental and intelligence inhibited, reduced learning achievement and fitness level, unreachable the height maximum, negative contributed during pregnancy later, which led to the birth of babies with low birth weight (LBW), pain and mortality of mother and child. The research was conducted to female students in grade VIII and IX SMP Negeri Manado with 10 cross-sectional study design. Samples and this research amounts 186 students were chosen proportionally in every classroom and taken by systematic random sampling. Hemoglobin levels were measured by tool of the brand EasyTouch GCHb, height measurement using microtoise and weight measurement using digital scales underfoot. Bivariate analysis using Spearman correlation test. The spearman analysis statistic showd the correlation between nutritional status with genesis anemia (p=0,436).There was no correlation between nutritional status and the occurrence of anemia in adolescent girls SMP Negeri 10 Manado Keywords: anemia, nutritional status, adolescent ABSTRAK Anemia merupakan masalah gizi yang sering terjadi pada remaja, masalah gizi pada remaja dikarenakan perilaku gizi yang salah, yaitu ketidakseimbangan antara konsumsi gizi dengan kecukupan gizi yang dianjurkan. Menurut WHO (2008), prevalensi anemia di dunia dengan tahun 2005 sebanyak 24,8% dari total penduduk dunia, prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri di Asia Tenggara sekitar 25-40% menderita anemia tingkat ringan sampai berat. Menurut Riskesdas 2013 prevalensi anemia pada remaja yaitu sebesar 21,7%. Masalah anemia pada remaja putri akan mengakibatkan perkembangan motorik, mental dan kecerdasan terhambat, menurunnya prestasi belajar dan tingkat kebugaran, tidak tercapainya tinggi badan maksimal, kontribusi yang negatif pada masa kehamilan kelak, yang menyebabkan kelahiran bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR), kesakitan dan kematian pada ibu dan anak. penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswi kelas VIII dan IX SMP Negeri 10 Manado dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Sampel dan penelitian ini sebanyak 186 siswi yang dipilih secara proporsional disetiap kelas dan diambil secara systematic random sampling. Kadar hemoglobin diukur dengan alat merk EasyTouch GCHb, pengukuran tinggi badan menggunakan microtoise dan pengukuran berat badan menggunakan timbangan injak digital. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi spearman. berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik dengan menggunakan uji korelasi spearman rank status gizi dengan anemia (p = 0,436). tidak terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri SMP Negeri 10 Manado

Effects of Daily Zinc, Daily Multiple Micronutrient Powder, or Therapeutic Zinc Supplementation for Diarrhea Prevention on Physical Growth, Anemia, and Micronutrient Status in Rural Laotian Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the optimal zinc supplementation strategy for improving growth and hematologic and micronutrient status in young Laotian children.Study designIn total, 3407 children aged 6-23 months were randomized to receive either daily preventive zinc tablets (7 mg/d), high-zinc, low-iron micronutrient powder (10 mg/d zinc, 6 mg/d iron, and 13 other micronutrients), therapeutic zinc supplementation for diarrhea (20 mg/d for 10 days per episode), or daily placebo powder; all were followed for ~9 months. Anthropometry, hemoglobin, zinc, and iron status were assessed at baseline and endline. Analyses were by intention-to-treat, using linear and modified Poisson regression.ResultsAt baseline, mean (±SD) age was 14.2 ± 5.1 months and stunting and anemia prevalence were 37.9% and 55.6%, respectively. At endline, zinc deficiency in the preventive zinc (50.7%) and micronutrient powder (59.1%) groups were significantly lower than in the therapeutic zinc (79.2%) and control groups (78.6%; P &lt; .001), with no impact on stunting (37.1%-41.3% across the groups, P = .37). The micronutrient powder reduced iron deficiency by 44%-55% compared with other groups (P &lt; .001), with no overall impact on anemia (P = .14). Micronutrient powder tended to reduce anemia by 11%-16% among children who were anemic at baseline (P = .06).ConclusionsDespite improving zinc status, preventive zinc and micronutrient powder had no impact on growth. The micronutrient powder improved iron status and tended to reduce anemia among the subset of previously anemic children.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT02428647