Alawi syncretism : beliefs and traditions in the shrine of Hüseyin Gazi

Religious Anthropology studies the origins, evolution and functions of religions. The discipline researching religious beliefs and rituals comparatively with cross-cultural perspectives tries to enlighten the belief world of the mankind. Religion, as a term, can be defined as "believing as well as worshipping to the supernatural powers and/or beings by the individual who are emotionally or consciously devoted to them" (Örnek 1988: 127). There have been a number of theories so far which try to bring an explanation to the origins and the evolution of religion. In these theories, Fetishism, cults of nature, animism, Totemism, dynamism, Manism, magic, polytheism, monotheism as well as certain physiological phenomena have been particularized as evolutionary stages and forms of belief (Evans-Pritchard 1998: 124). All of these theories have the perspective of so called "progressive" and / or "unilinear" that maintain a religion which has reached ongoing stages and that communities which have developed from primitiveness to civilization. They argue that there has only been one single line of progress, and all of the communities are bound to go through the same evolutionary stages

Mysterıes of Worshıps in Qadı Burhanadden’s Work of Ikseer As-Saadat

İksîrü’s-seâdât fî esrâri’l-İbâdât was written by Burhaneddin Ahmed es-Sivasî who is one of the most important figures of Turkish Islamic history and a scholar, sufi, poet, judge and ruler on the year h.798/m.1396 in Sivas. In this book, mysteries of the worship are explained after three complementary introductory chapters regarding the conception of being. The author first deals with the being, its nature and its reason in order to clarify the mysteries of the worship in human mind with a meaningful framework. Then he explains the mysteries of worship by means of verses from the Quran and hadiths. Kadı Burhaneddin interprets the real meanings of worship for human being with the concept of poise. He thinks that worship is the most important means that secure human being against deviations from poise. Putting forward why the religious orders are imposed is a scholarly activity and this activity is broad enough as comprising all religious decrees. Wisdoms, beauties, benefits and utilities within religious orders are known through this activity. This book which is the basic reference of our paper can be included within the scope of the science of hikmetü’t-teşrî (reason of legislation) that explains the causes behind the orders and prohibitions of the religion. Some explanations put forward here should be evaluated having regard to theories of appearance and manifestation

Preparing for the House of God: Nepali Muslim Narratives of the Hajj

This essay focuses on first-person narratives from Nepali Muslims directly before and after their journeys from Kathmandu to Mecca, for the Hajj pilgrimage, in 2005-2006, collected and translated by the author. To date, studies and public representations of Muslims in Nepal in the period of Nepal’s long transition to secularism have focused predominantly on the population’s mobilization of religious identity and its religio-political aspirations, productions, and experiences that help to constitute it as a collective. These representations have been key in affirming Muslims’ rights as a minority in a newly secular federal republic of immense ethnic and religious diversity and a history of Hindu hegemony. Through the Hajj narratives of Nepali Muslim presented in this chapter, a contrasting portrait to these dominant representations is offered. This portrait offers a view into the interior religious worlds of Muslims in Nepal during this period. In them we get a glimpse of the every-day ness of their religious endeavors and the interior dimensions of piety that pilgrimage can cultivate, including a notion of collectivity that is based in faith and practice

Perspectives from the Field: Interviews with the \u3ci\u3eAlima\u3c/i\u3e of Ladakh

This article is based on a series of interviews with a group of female Islamic scholars—alima—in Leh, Ladakh, who were the first four women from the region to receive a religious education in a formal madrassa (religious school). The women interviewed attended Jamiatus Salehat, a Deobandi religious boarding school located in Malageon Maharashtra (India), in the late 1980s. They graduated in 1991, returning to Ladakh to teach religion in the area. Today, these four women conduct public religious teachings for women in both Leh and Nubra valleys, and educate their family members about Islam as well. Segments of interviews conducted in 2012 with three of these alima of Ladakh are provided here to create portraits of the women that reflect their thoughts and experiences in their own voices. While these interviews illustrate the ways that local and global practices of \u27being Muslim\u27 are mutually constitutive, they suggest many other narratives as well. Unedited interview transcripts are therefore the focal point of this perspective piece to provide readers with a sense of other possibilities of interpretation and resist the formation of a dominating unified narrative

SOHBETGAH-I IBADETGAH: NAMAZGAHS IN THE BALKANS IN VIEW OF EVLIYA CELEBI

Evliya Celebi was born in İstanbul in the year 1611 to a family of Kutahya origin.His father Mehmet Zilli Efendi was the head of goldsmiths in the palace, and thus Celebi was grown up around the palace, educated at Enderun, which was then areally significant educational centre. He was accepted to the presence of the Sultan Murat IV., and then assigned at the Kilar-i Has. He was a well educated and intellectual Ottoman man. From the early ages of his life, he has got a passion for traveling and searched opportunities to do it. He succeeded it by traveling together with the chamberlain Mehmed and Ipsir Mustafa Pasa. They were high classimperial officers and were from the Melek Ahmed Pasa family. Then he continue dhis travels by undertaking various official responsibilities

Türk tiyatro tarihi:Eski Osmanlılarda tiyatro iddiası ve cevabı

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 195-Tanzimat Tarihinde Dar'ül-bedaiİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

Worships and Allah’s Diversified Rewards

After the belief in Allah and in the necessities of His religion, the first of our duties towards Him is to learn our responsibilities as an ‘abd [servant] and worshipping according to His will. Worship is to do what Allah commands and not to do what He prohibits. Worship is legislated by Allah and His Prophet. Thus, the unity and solidarity in worship is achieved. Some reasons and causes for worships are known however the main purpose of worshipping is to serve Allah. Not all the worships are bound with a standard reward scale. Allah has put some standard reward scales as a result of His grace and blessings on His servants. The most common of these is ten-to-one. Worships like az-Zakah [obligatory charity] and as-Sadaqa [voluntary charity] are given seven hundreds -to-one or more reward. Iḥyaʾ Laylat al-Qadr (keeping vigil in that night) is equal to worshipping in a thousand months. In addition, there are unlimited and uncounted blessings in this World and in the hereafter. Also the reward of the worships (like prayer, fasting, giving charity and pilgrimage) is determined by Allah and is subjected to special reward scales. He is who determines the worships and their rewards. One of the greatest blessings of Allah to His slaves is Tawbah [repentance from sins] which means a chance for human beings to make themselves forgiven. Also there is ar-Riya’ [showing off, insincerity] which annuls the worship and limits its reward to this World only

Sultanahmed Camii'nde namaz

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 102-Camiler Not: De Amicis'in eserinden.İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

Sensory evaluation of dessert milk products

Kvalitetu gotovog proizvoda obilježava niz faktora, a jedan od njih je i nivo senzorske poželjnosti. Od velike je važnosti za osiguranje plasmana novih proizvoda na tržištu saznanje o tome kako ih prihvaćaju potrošači. U ovom radu istraživane su dvije vrste mliječnih desertnih proizvoda na bazi proteina sirutke. Šezdeset potrošača testiralo je uzorke koristeći hedonističku skalu od 9 mogućih odgovora (ocjena). Senzorska kvaliteta je također procijenjena primjenom sistema bodovanja koristeći faktore značaja na skali od 20 bodova. Svježi uzorci i uzorci čuvani u uvjetima hladnjaka (4 °C, 85% rel. vlažnosti) ocjenjivani su svakih 7 dana (u razdoblju od 35 dana) u uvjetima temperature 20 °C. Bodovanje je provela panel grupa od 5 članova. Podaci su statistički obrađeni i interpretirani. Rezultati hedonističke skale pokazali su da ih potrošači smatraju vrlo poželjnim (preko 95%). Sistem bodovanja korišten u senzorskoj procjeni pokazao je da dolazi do značajnih promjena u kvaliteti za vrijeme skladištenja, ali one nisu toliko brze i velike da bi proizvod nakon 35 dana skladištenja bio senzorski neprihvatljiv (<11,2 boda). Može se zaključiti da je nivo kvalitete istraživanih uzoraka vrlo visok prema procjeni potrošača i senzorskih analitičara.The quality of a product is compromise between many factors, one of which is high level of sensory appeal Of major importance among factors determining marketing success of a new food product is consumers\u27 acceptability. Two kinds of new dessert milk products based on whey proteins were studied. Consumers (60 persons) tasted samples using nine-point hedonic scale. Quality was evaluated as well using sensory scoring method and 20-point scale. Fresh samples and cold stored samples (4 °C, 85% R. H.) were evaluated every 7 days (during 35 days) at room temperature (20 °C) by a panel composed of 5 members. Data of sensory and hedonic evaluation of quality were statistically analyzed. The results of hedonic scale application showed high consumers acceptability (above 95%) of new products. Sensory scoring pointed out significant changes in quality of both soft albumin cheeses during storage, that was not fast and strong enough to reach cut-off level (<11,2 points) during 35 days of storage. Concluding it is possible to state that quality level of new products was very high as according to consumers \u27or sensory analitcs\u27 opinion