PENGEMBANGAN PROGRAM PEMBELAJARAN “GenDerAng” UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT DAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA PEREMPUAN PADA PELAJARAN FISIKA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan program pembelajaran “GenDerAng” yang dapat meningkatkan minat dan pemahaman konsep siswa perempuan pada pelajaran fisika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan atau Research and Development (R & D), dengan tahapan penelitian, yaitu; Studi Pendahuluan; Perencanaan; Pengembangan; Implementasi; dan Pelaporan. Pada tahap studi pendahuluan dilakukan studi pustaka terhadap hasil riset dan kurikulum SMA terkait kesenjangan gender, analisis kondisi tingkat kontribusi kaum perempuan pada bidang fisika dan pengamatan terhadap minat belajar siswa perempuan pada pelajaran fisika. Tahap perencanaan melakukan identifikasi terhadap minat dan pemahaman siswa perempuan pada pelajaran fisika, pemilihan konsep-konsep yang dianggap kompleks dan sering menjadi faktor terjadinya kesenjangan gender pada fisika, melakukan analisis kebutuhan terhadap kondisi kesenjangan gender, dilanjutkan dengan merancang program pembelajaran dan perangkat pendukungnya, yakni; Silabus, Lembar Keja Siswa, Media Pembelajaran, Bahan Ajar, dan alat Evaluasi. Pada tahap pengembangan dilakukan validasi program berupa penilaian ahli (expert appraisal) terhadap perangkat pembelajaran dan uji coba terbatas serta uji coba lebih luas pada kelas tertentu yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki rancangan program. Tahap Implementasi adalah uji program pembelajaran menggunakan Randomized pretest-posttest Control Group Design. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari siswa kelas 12 IPA pada SMA Negeri di Kota Depok Jawa-Barat. Sampel dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling, terdiri dari dua kelas, yakni kelas eksperimen sebanyak 41 siswa (23 siswa perempuan dan 18 siswa laki-laki), dan kelas kontrol sebanyak 41 siswa (21 siswa perempuan dan 20 siswa laki-laki). Alat pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah tes, rubrik, lembar observasi, dan angket. Data dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian adalah program pembelajaran “GenDerAng” kepanjangan dari Generating, Deriving, dan Accomplishing, dan menjadi fase pembelajaran. “GenDerAng” juga mengandung kata Gender (sebagai karakter perempuan), serta memiliki arti dalam kata Bahasa Indonesia adalah alat musik tabuh yang mampu memberikan dorongan semangat. Fase program pembelajaran “GenDerAng”, adalah: 1) Generating apersepsi dan orientasi terhadap kondisi awal siswa terutama pada kesenjangan gender dan stimulus melalui contoh aplikasi fisika dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan rencana bidang karir dengan latar belakang fisika, 2) “Deriving” aktivitas inti pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing metode eksperimen dan diskusi dimana guru sebagai fasilitator dengan panduan LKS serta pemanfaatan program simulasi sebagai media, 3) “Accomplishing” refleksi dan evaluasi hasil pembelajaran dengan test individual. Program pembelajaran “GenDerAng” dapat meningkatkan minat siswa perempuan pada pelajaran fisika yang ditunjukkan dengan sikap belajar dan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep pada konsep-konsep yang dianggap kompleks dengan N-gain 57%. The aim of this research is to develop a learning program "GenDerAng" that can increase female student of interest and understanding the concept in physics. The method used is the research and development (R & D), with the stages of research, namely; Preliminary studies; Planning; Development; Implementation; and Reporting. At the stage of preliminary studies conducted literature on research results and high school curriculum related gender gap, analyzes the condition level of female's contribution in physics and observations on female student’s interest in physics lesson. Planning stage identification of interest and understanding female students in physics, the selection of concepts that are considered complex and often become a factor in the gender gap of physics, conduct a needs analysis the condition of the gender gap, followed by design learning programs and peripheral devices, namely; Syllabus, Work Sheet Students, Media’s learning, Instructional Materials, and evaluation tools. In the validation stage of the development is done in the form of an expert assessment program (expert appraisal) of the learning device and limited testing and trials was larger in certain classes that are used to improve the design of program. The implementation stage is to test the learning program using a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The study population consisted of grade 12 science students at high schools in Depok-West Java. Samples were selected by purposive sampling technique, consists of two classes, namely the experimental class were 41 students (23 girls and 18 boys), and control classes were 41 students (21 girls and 20 boys). Instrument of data collection in this study were a test, rubric, observation sheets and questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential analysis. The results showed that the learning program "GenDerAng" stands for Generating, Deriving, and accomplishing, and become learning stage."GenDerAng" also contains the word gender (as a female character), as well as having meaning in Indonesian word is a percussion musical instrument that can provide encouragement. Stage of the learning program "GenDerAng", are: 1) Generating apperception and orientation of the initial conditions, particularly at the gender gap and stimulus through example applications of physics in daily activity and career plans with a background of physics, 2) "Deriving" core activity guided inquiry learning and discussion of the experimental method in which the teacher as a facilitator to guide the use of worksheets and simulation programs as the media, 3) "accomplishing" reflection and evaluation of learning outcomes at the individual test. Learning program "GenDerAng" can increase female students' interest in physics lesson and can increase female students understanding concept in physics with N-gain 57%

Islam as a Way of Defining the National Identity of Bosnian Muslims

Political changes in Yugoslavia in the 1990s triggered a series of changes in the ethno-religious field. The ethnological problems faced by the residents of Bosnia formed part of more general ethnological reshuffling in former Yugoslavia, promoting idealized nations, non-existent ethnic ideologies and fabricated state designs. However, these nations already constitute part of the reshuffling of the reform of New Europe. A major part was played in the formulation of the ethnic identity of Bosnian Muslims by the Islamic Community, under unique conditions and in cooperation with the Communist Yugoslavia of Josip Broz Tito from 1945 to 1990. The description and analysis of these conditions are described in this article

Status and identity of Pakistanis in the contemporary United Kingdom

Cilj rada je prikazati položaj Pakistanaca u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu kroz dvije važne komponente: etničnost (britanska., pakistanska.) i religiju (Islam), te položaj žena (konkretno pakistanskog podrijetla i islamske vjeroispovijesti). Analizira se kako vjera, kao neodvojiv dio “pakistanskog identiteta”, utječe na stavove o identitetu u određenim generacijama. Navedena su područja koja su dominantno naseljavali te njihov utjecaj na kulturni krajolik. Opisane su promjene položaja Pakistanaca u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu nakon terorističkih napada (9/11, 7/7) te uzročno tim napadima i rast islamofobije.The aim of the thesis is to present the position of Pakistanis in the United Kingdom through two important components: ethnicity (British, Pakistani) and religion (Islam), and the position of women (specifically Pakistani origin and Islamic religion). It is analyzed how religion, as an inseparable part of „Pakistani identity“, influences identity attitudes in certain generations. Areas are indicated that were predominantly inhabited by Pakistanis and their impact on the cultural landscape. End view of the changes in the position of Pakistanis in the United Kingdom after the Terrorist Attacks (9/11, 7/7) and growing Islamophobia

Confessional Mentality as a (Dis)Integration Factor

U tekstu se razmatra religiocentralizam kao faktor (dez)integrativnih procesa. Religiocentrizam se može pratiti na dva nivoa: na nivou celog kontinenta (Evropa) i na nivou jedne zemlje. U oba slučaja važe dva podnivoa analize: najpre, analiza odnosa među religijama (hrišćanstvo i islam), a zatim između krakova, konfesija svake od njih (pravoslavlje, katoličanstvo, protestantizam; suniti i šiiti). Na konkretnijem nivou, konfesionalni mentalitet kao faktor dez/integracije demonstrira se na primeru Jugoslavije, u kojoj se prožimaju bar tri kulturna kruga: 1. zapadno-evropski, odnosno katoličko-protestantski, 2. vizantijsko-pravoslavni, 3. otomansko-islamski. Predlaže se originalno definisanje konfesionalne pripadnosti (identifikacije) i daje konfesionalna panorama jugoslovenskog stanovništva. Kritikuje se način određivanja konfesionalne pripadnosti u oficijalu verskih zajednica koji, poistovećivanjem konfesionalne i nacionalne pripadnosti, može dezintegrisati ljude po nacionalnoj osnovi, sukobljavati po verskoj, kao što ih suprostavlja na liniji konfesionalno opredeljenih i bezkonfesionalaca, teista, indiferentnih i ateista. Ukazuje se na sociološku činjenicu o narušavanju monokonfesionalizma nacija, koje se odigrava dvema konverzijama. Jedan put konfesionalne konverzije vodi deo određene nacije u gubljenje prvobitnog etniciteta i vodi u drugu naciju. Drugi put vodi u izmenu konfesije, ali uz zadržavanje izvorne etničke pripadnosti. Obe konverzije se demonstriraju na primeru Srba (i Crnogoraca). U zaključku se tvrdi da je u, višenacionalnim i višekonfesionalnim zemljama, poput Jugoslavije, moguće graditi zajedništvo ukoliko dođe do odustajanja od: ekstremnog favorizovanja konfesionalnog mentaliteta, nekritičkog poistovećivanja nacije i religije, netolerantne identifikacije nacionalne i konfesionalne pripadnosti, nehumane podele ljudi sa konfesionalnim poreklom i bez njega, nerazložnog suprostavljanja teista, indiferentnih i ateista. Takvo zajedništvo gradilo bi se onda među susednim zemljama, regionima i u celoj Evropi. Autor insistira na gajenju svesti u Evropljana o potrebi opisanog zajedništva.This paper discusses religiocentrism as a (dis)integration factor. The religiocentrism can be viewed at the two levels: at the level of the whole continent and at the level of one country. In both cases there arc two sublevels: first, the analysis of the relationship between the major religions (Christianity and Islam) and second, the analysis of the relationships between their branches (the Orthodox Church, Catholicism, Protestantism; the Shiites and the Sunni). At the concrete level, the confessional mentality as a (dis) - integration factor is illustrated in the Yugoslav example in which at least three cultural circles are intertwined: West-European, that is, Catholic-Protestant, Byzantine-Orthodox and Ottomanic-Islamic. It suggests a genuine defining of the confessionality (identification) and it also gives the confessional panorama of the Yugoslav population. The paper criticizes the way of determining the confessionality used by officials of religious communities: by identifying the confessionality and nationality this method causes disintegration of people on the national and religious grounds dividing them into the confessionally determined and undetermined people, theists, atheists, indifferents and others. This paper also points out to the sociological fad that the monoconfessionalism of nations is being violated by two types of conversion. One type of conversion makes a pari of one nation lose its original ethnical belonging and become members of another nation. The other type causes the change of confession while the original ethnical belonging is being preserved. Both types are illustrated in the example of Serbians (and Montenegroes). The conclusion claims that it is possible in multinational and multiconfessional countries such as Yugoslavia to build a unity only if the following altitudes are eliminated: extreme favouritism of the confessional mentality, noncritical identification of nation and religions, non-tolerant identification of nationality and confessionalily, norihumane divisions of people into the ones with a confessional background and those without it, and unduly opposing of theists, atheists and indifferents. This kind of unity can be then cherished among the neighbouring countries, regions and in Europe on the whole. The authors insists on a greater awareness of the Europeans of the need for this unity