The male to female ratio at birth

The factors that influence the male to female ratio at birth are legion. Males are usually born in excess and stress decreases the ratio while wellbeing and good health tends to increase it. This paper reviews the multitudes of factors that have been implicated as affecting this ratio, from historical times to date.peer-reviewe

Generacion de multitudes heterogeneas con comportamientos inteligentes en ambientes virtuales

La simulaci ́on de multitudes consiste en representar a grupos de personajes auto ́no- mos llamados agentes virtuales, con reglas y entornos que simulan a aquellos encontrados en la vida real. Entre los objetivos de las simulaciones virtuales tam- bi ́en se encuentra el generar algoritmos capaces de producir visualizaciones de manera fluida, esto es no tener retrasos en la visualizacio ́n de la simulacio ́n. Las simulaciones de multitudes son herramientas utilizadas por organizaciones, por ejemplo una constructora, para realizar pruebas virtuales a determinadas estruc- turas como lo puede ser un estadio de fu ́tbol, las multitudes utilizadas en este tipo de simulaciones carecen de comportamientos diferentes, es decir todos los individuos de la multitud se comportan de la misma manera aunque visualmente sean diferentes. La tesis presenta una propuesta para generar multitudes virtuales heterog ́eneas, de tal forma que los individuos que conforman la multitud exhiban distintos comportamientos, y no como se hace hasta el momento donde un mismo comportamiento que se aplica a todos los agentes. Se propone tambi ́en una t ́ecnica de agrupamiento en distintas regiones del a ́rea a poblar utilizando diagramas de Voronoi, posibilitando la caracterizaci ́on de zonas en donde existe una concentra- cio ́n selectiva dependiendo de los distintos roles que asumen los individuos de la multitud. Se introducen los LCP (Lugares de concentraci ́on de la poblacio ́n) que son los lugares donde distintos grupos de la poblacio ́n se agrupan, lo que genera un comportamiento de agrupacio ́n en las multitudes. Los resultados observados permiten distinguir distintos comportamientos debido a que se generan diferentes velocidades de desplazamiento, taman ̃os y pesos. La utilizacio ́n de los LCP emula un comportamiento de agrupaci ́on dependiendo del rol que cada agente virtual tenga, lo cual permite que se agrupe en distintas zonas del ambiente virtual

Activismo ciudadano y acontecimientos políticos en la transformación de la esfera pública digital en españa: del sms ¡pásalo! a Podemos

This paper discusses digital communication, activism and political system in Spain from a critical-historical perspective. The results of combined empirical and analytical research indicate that a critical digital public sphere emerged in 2004 affecting the evolution of the political sphere to this day. Traditional parties had a slow and instrumental approach to the digital realm. Conversely, cyber-activism unfolded new options of political action, both in the short and long term, transforming the bipartisan system.El artículo aborda la comunicación digital, el activismo y el sistema político en España desde una perspectiva crítica-histórica. Los resultados de una investigación empírica y analítica indican que en 2004 surgió una esfera pública digital crítica que afectó la evolución de la esfera política hasta hoy. Los partidos tradicionales se acercaron al entorno digital de manera lenta e instrumental. En cambio, el ciberactivismo abrió nuevas opciones de acción política, a corto y largo plazo, transformando el sistema bipartidista

Nature-Inspired Interconnects for Self-Assembled Large-Scale Network-on-Chip Designs

Future nano-scale electronics built up from an Avogadro number of components needs efficient, highly scalable, and robust means of communication in order to be competitive with traditional silicon approaches. In recent years, the Networks-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm emerged as a promising solution to interconnect challenges in silicon-based electronics. Current NoC architectures are either highly regular or fully customized, both of which represent implausible assumptions for emerging bottom-up self-assembled molecular electronics that are generally assumed to have a high degree of irregularity and imperfection. Here, we pragmatically and experimentally investigate important design trade-offs and properties of an irregular, abstract, yet physically plausible 3D small-world interconnect fabric that is inspired by modern network-on-chip paradigms. We vary the framework's key parameters, such as the connectivity, the number of switch nodes, the distribution of long- versus short-range connections, and measure the network's relevant communication characteristics. We further explore the robustness against link failures and the ability and efficiency to solve a simple toy problem, the synchronization task. The results confirm that (1) computation in irregular assemblies is a promising and disruptive computing paradigm for self-assembled nano-scale electronics and (2) that 3D small-world interconnect fabrics with a power-law decaying distribution of shortcut lengths are physically plausible and have major advantages over local 2D and 3D regular topologies

A new social physic: The sociology of Gabriel Tarde and its legacy

This article aims to present a reconstruction of Gabriel Tarde’s micro-sociology in order to highlight its current relevance. The author of the article attempts to show that its distinction lies in taking the immense diversity of small social interactions as a starting point for the analysis of both face-to-face situations and large-scale institutions and social processes. Here the social field is described as made up of multiple propagations of desires and beliefs that spread from one individual to other, taking countless directions, interfering with each other, forming networks, and escaping them in search of new connections. The author attempts to show, also, that this point of view doesn’t deny the existence of social systems but understands them as open ensembles of immanent and partial relationships of collective beliefs and desires. This is why Tarde may be considered the founder of a molecular or micro-physical sociolog