Mechanical Timepieces & Intellectual Property Protection

This article is meant to give you a basic understanding of mechanical timepieces—not just what they are, but how they are different from one another and why that difference is significant. Watches themselves do not need an introduction; they are ubiquitous and have withstood the peaks and troughs of social inequality and have persisted as a commonality between the rich, the poor and the middleclass since the beginning of their mass production in the 19th century. I focus here on the history of watches within the United States because, ultimately, this is a discussion of their legal protection under United States intellectual property law and not a full history lesson on horology. If you would like to establish a foundation of knowledge for the intellectual property which this article discusses, I suggest first reading of the achievements of individuals such as Christiaan Huygens, Peter Henlein, Patek Philippe and Louis Cartier. This article will focus on two areas of intellectual property, patents and trademarks, and their application to mechanical timepieces

Composite propellant technology research: Mechanical property characterization

Proof for the existence of a single Poisson's ratio function in isotropic linear viscoelastic materials is presented. An in-depth discussion is given of three dimensional viscoelastic material properties and their relationships to linear isotropic and orthotropic viscoelastic materials. A discussion of the alternate invariant definition as used by Abaqus and how it relates to the form used by Dr. S. Peng is presented

Measurement of mechanical and thermophysical properties of dimensionally stable materials for space applications

Mechanical, thermal, and physical property test data was generated for as-fabricated advanced composite materials at room temperature (RT), -150 and 250 F. The results are documented of mechanical and thermophysical property tests of IM7/PEEK and discontinuous SiC/Al (particulate (p) and whisker (w) reinforced) composites which were tested at three different temperatures to determine the effect of temperature on material properties. The specific material systems tested were IM7/PEEK (0)8, (0, + or - 45, 90)s, (+ or - 30, 04)s, 25 vol. pct. (v/o) SiCp/Al, and 25 v/o SiCw/Al. RT material property results of IM7/PEEK were in good agreement with the predicted values, providing a measure of consolidation integrity attained during fabrication. Results of mechanical property tests indicated that modulus values at each test temperature were identical, whereas the strength (e.g., tensile, compressive, flexural, and shear) values were the same at -150 F, and RT, and gradually decreased as the test temperature was increased to 250 F. Similar trends in the strength values was also observed in discontinuous SiC/Al composites. These results indicate that the effect of temperature was more pronounced on the strength values than modulus values

Materials data handbook: Aluminum alloy 5456

A summary of the materials property information for aluminum alloy 5456 is presented. The scope of the information includes physical and mechanical property data at cryogenic, ambient, and elevated temperatures. Information on material procurement, metallurgy of the alloy, corrosion, environmental effects, fabrication, and joining techniques is developed

Surface Potential Decay and DC Conductivity of TiO2-based Polyimide Nanocomposite Films

Polymer nanocomposites have attracted wide interest as a method of enhancing polymer properties and extending their applications. Surface potential decay has been used widely as a tool to monitor charge transport and trapping characteristics of insulating materials. Polyimide (PI) as an engineering material has been paid more attention due to high thermal and chemical stability, good mechanical property and excellent insulating property in a wide range of temperature. There has been a lot of work over last few years on optical, thermal and mechanical properties of polyimide nanocomposites. However, little attention has been given to the effect of nano-fillers on charge transport and trapping in polyimide nanocomposites. In the present paper, pure, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% polyimide nanocomposites was examined by using surface potential decay in conjunction with dc conductivity measurement and both experiments showed that 3% is the optimal value for electrical insulation

Precision Extrusion Deposition of Polycaprolactone/Hydroxyapatite Tissue Scaffolds

Freeform fabrication provides an effective process tool to manufacture advanced tissue scaffolds with specific designed properties. Our research focuses on using a novel Precision Extrusion Deposition (PED) process technique to directly fabricate Polycaprolactone (PCL) and composite PCL/ Hydroxyapatite (HA) tissue scaffolds. The scaffold morphology and the mechanical properties were evaluated using SEM and mechanical testing. In vitro biological studies were conducted to investigate the cellular responses of the composite scaffolds. Results and characterizations demonstrate the viability of the PED process as well as the good mechanical property, structural integrity, controlled pore size, pore interconnectivity, and the biological compatibility of the fabricated scaffolds.Mechanical Engineerin

Materials data handbooks prepared for aluminum alloys 2014, 2219, and 5456, and stainless steel alloy 301

Materials data handbooks summarize all presently known properties of commercially available structural aluminum alloys 2014, 2219, and 5456 and structural stainless steel alloy 301. The information includes physical and mechanical property data and design data presented in tables, illustrations, and text

Controllability of quantum mechanical systems by root space decomposition of su(N)

The controllability property of the unitary propagator of an N-level quantum mechanical system subject to a single control field is described using the structure theory of semisimple Lie algebras. Sufficient conditions are provided for the vector fields in a generic configuration as well as in a few degenerate cases.Comment: 11 pages, revtex