Illusory Losses

Recent empirical work demonstrates that people's self-reported happiness is surprisingly resilient to many large changes in life conditions. Apparently significant adverse events and conditions often inflict little or no hedonic damage because those who suffer losses do not focus on them on a daily basis. These findings have important implications for the legal system, especially for awards for pain, suffering, and hedonic losses, as juries overestimate the effect of injuries on happiness. There are two qualifications. First, some injuries do inflict significant hedonic losses because people cannot help focusing on them, such as chronic pain. Second, people may suffer 'capability loss' without suffering hedonic loss, and that should be compensable. These considerations suggest that the legal system might be improved by a set of Civil Damages Guidelines to correct these errors. There are also broader implications, involving the appropriate priorities for governments attempting to improve the welfare of their citizens.

Concurrent Credit Portfolio Losses

We consider the problem of concurrent portfolio losses in two non-overlapping credit portfolios. In order to explore the full statistical dependence structure of such portfolio losses, we estimate their empirical pairwise copulas. Instead of a Gaussian dependence, we typically find a strong asymmetry in the copulas. Concurrent large portfolio losses are much more likely than small ones. Studying the dependences of these losses as a function of portfolio size, we moreover reveal that not only large portfolios of thousands of contracts, but also medium-sized and small ones with only a few dozens of contracts exhibit notable portfolio loss correlations. Anticipated idiosyncratic effects turn out to be negligible. These are troublesome insights not only for investors in structured fixed-income products, but particularly for the stability of the financial sector

Honey bee colony losses

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Insuring non-verifiable losses

Insurance contracts are often complex and difficult to verify outside the insurance relation. We show that standard one-period insurance policies with an upper limit and a deductible are the optimal incentive-compatible contracts in a competitive market with repeated interaction. Optimal group insurance policies involve a joint upper limit but individual deductibles and insurance brokers can play a role implementing such contracts for the group of clients. Our model provides new insights and predictions about the determinants of insurance

Losses of bee colonies

Following the survey of SBA members in 2006, a second survey was carried out in the late spring of 2008 as was reported in this journal last November and December. This brief report on losses of colonies experienced by the respondents to that survey is the first of what is hoped will be a series of several articles covering particular topics of interest to members revealed by that survey. A full report of the whole findings of the survey will ultimately become available, probably through the SBA's web page, but it will clearly be too long a document for 'The Scottish Beekeeper'

Study Of Mass Losses Of Cauliflower At Storage Depending On A Packing Way

Tissues of fresh vegetables are characterized by the high quantity of moisture (80…96 %), active metabolism, low resistance to mechanical lesions, are spoiled fast. Metabolism in cells of tissues, so mass losses, depends on the content of water and dry substances.It is impossible to manage abiotic factors under conditions of open soil. So, there appears a necessity to study the influence of abiotic factors on the process of mass decrease at cauliflower storage that gives a possibility to prognosticate its mass losses and aptitude to storage.The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of weather conditions of the vegetation period of cauliflower, volume, specific mass and porosity of heads and packing methods on the intensity of natural mass losses of cauliflower at storage. The research gives a possibility to decrease natural losses of cauliflower heads and to prolong the storage duration of it. Cauliflower mass losses at the expanse of water evaporation depend on weather conditions of the vegetation period of the plant. It has been established, that there is a middle force reverse connection with the coefficient correlation r=–0,465 between the intensity of water evaporation at cauliflower heads storage and GTC, middle force connection with the coefficient correlation r=0,437 – with the average day temperature, and strong reverse connection r=–0,776 with the relative air humidity. There was elaborated the regression equation that gives an understanding about mass losses of cauliflower heads, packed in PF, at the expanse of water evaporation.The intensity of water evaporation of cauliflower at storage depends on package method. At packing in a stretch-film (SF), the intensity of moisture decrease, % a day, was the least, equal to 0,30–0,31. The ratio between moisture losses to ones of dry substances was 0,45–0,68. At packing in a performed stretch-film (PSF), the intensity of moisture decrease, % a day, was higher a little – 0,37–0,43.The more storage duration of cauliflower of late ripeness was provided by individual packing of heads in a polyethylene stretch-film. This packing type provided less total natural losses of products: in Skywoker F1– 6,0 %, in Kasper F1 and Santamaria F1 – 6,3 %. Natural losses for a day in variants with using a stretch-film were within 0,05–0,06 % depending on hybrid