Utilization of global attributions in recognizing and responding to gender discrimination among college women

Although learned helplessness theories suggest that global attributions for gender discrimination may serve to promote feelings of helplessness about responding to discrimination, group consciousness theories suggest they may instead be a precursor to enhancing collective actions against discrimination. To examine this theoretical discrepancy, college women completed measures of attributions for gender discrimination, political consciousness (as measured by common fate), participation in collective action, and helplessness behavior among college women. To examine the unique role of global attributions, participants were included if they made external and unstable attributions for discrimination (N = 231). Structural equation modeling showed hat recognizing discrimination occurs globally was associated with an increased sense of common fate, which in turn was related to greater collective action and less helplessness behavior. Theoretical (attributions in an intergroup context) as well as practical (institutional policies on publicizing discrimination) implications were discussed

A literature review on learned helplessness in school environments

Learned helplessness is a form of learning which develops when the subject perceives a loss of control in inescapable situations. This can lead to the development of cognitive and social deficits. Main research on this topic has been focused on clinical psychology. This TFM will explore the psychological phenomenon of learned helplessness and how this knowledge can be used in school environments and education. The main objective will be to find out if learned helplessness in school environments and education is actively researched and to ascertain the state-of-the-art of this research. We will provide a simple general diagnostic tool for teachers to detect signs of learned helplessness on their students. We will also provide simple treatment strategies to try to alleviate or minimize the effects of learned helplessness on students. These strategies do not treat mental disorders and, because of this, they can be used by any education professional: teachers and Psychopedagogy professionals. Relevant publications will be searched using five database engines. The results will be analyzed. We will then try to identify the relevant research groups and the most relevant journals on this subject. Finally, we will review and classify the most important publications and we will identify some of the diagnostic tools that researchers have developed

The relationship of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) to sexual-risk behavior among refugee women in Botswana: The mediating role of depression

THE RELATIONSHIP OF SEXUAL AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE (SGBV) TO SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG REFUGEE WOMEN IN BOTSWANA: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF DEPRESSIONJohannes John-Langba, Ph.D., M.P.H.University of Pittsburgh, 2004This study investigated the relationships of SGBV, learned helplessness, depression, and sexual-risk behaviors among refugee women in Botswana. It was guided by the reformulated theory of learned helplessness. A cross-sectional research design that was primarily quantitative was utilized to examine the relationship between SGBV and sexual-risk behavior in refugee situations and how depression and learned helplessness affect this relationship. A total of 402 female refugees who were at least 21 years old residing at the Dukwi refugee camp participated in this investigation.This study found that about 75% of participants had experienced some form of SGBV either in their home country, during flight/transit, or in the host country. More than half (56.4%) had experienced SGBV in their home countries, 39.3% reported experiencing SGBV during flight/transit, and about 37% of the participants reported having experienced SGBV while in Botswana.Simultaneous multiple regression analysis showed that overall past SGBV predicts current sexual-risk behavior among refugee women (F = 2.018; p < .011). However, when the standardized regression coefficients of the individual independent variables were examined, only past sexual violence was found to contribute significantly to the prediction of sexual-risk behavior (Beta = .461; p< .024).accounting for 15% of the variance with sexual-risk behavior. Although, the hypothesized mediating roles of learned helplessness and depression on the relationship between past SGBV and current sexual-risk behavior were not supported in this study, more than half of the participants (55%) experienced learned helplessness and about 90% were depressed. The findings of this study provide social work and public health practitioners who are faced with the multi-faceted task of program design and implementation in refugee situations with some vital indicators of the psycho-social and reproductive health needs of refugee women in a camp setting. It also underscores the need to adapt prevention and response measures to suit the different circumstances of the various phases of forced migration

Self-Defeating Personality and Learned Helplessness

This study attempted to determine whether people who engage in a higher frequency of self-defeating behaviors show a greater degree of those characteristics which define learned helplessness. Such a relationship was expected because chronic self-defeating patterns fail to lead to reinforcements in achievement and interpersonal situations and therefore should be associated with a higher number of characteristics found in learned helplessness (such as attributing causes of uncontrollable events to self, constant factors, and factors present in a variety of situations). Subjects were 43 undergraduate women, majors and non-majors, from an introductory psychology course. The measures used to examine the association between self-defeating behaviors and learned helplessness were Schill\u27s (1990) Self-Defeating Personality Scale and Seligman\u27s (1978) Attributional Style Questionnaire. Results failed to support the hypothetical relationship between self-defeating patterns and learned helplessness. Reasons for the failure to find results were discussed

Interrogation or Experimentation? Assessing Non-Consensual Human Experimentation During the War on Terror

The prohibition against non-consensual human experimentation has long been considered sacrosanct. It traces its legal roots to the Nuremberg trials although the ethical foundations dig much deeper. It prohibits all forms of medical and scientific experimentation on non-consenting individuals. The prohibition against non-consensual human experimentation is now well established in both national and international law. Despite its status as a fundamental and non-derogable norm, the prohibition against non-consensual human experimentation was called into question during the War on Terror by the CIA’s treatment of “high-value detainees.” Seeking to acquire actionable intelligence, the CIA tested the “theory of learned helplessness” on these detainees by subjecting them to a series of enhanced interrogation techniques. This Article revisits the prohibition against non-consensual human experimentation to determine whether the CIA’s treatment of detainees violated international law. It examines the historical record that gave rise to the prohibition and its eventual codification in international law. It then considers the application of this norm to the CIA’s treatment of high-value detainees by examining Salim v. Mitchell , a lawsuit brought by detainees who were subjected to enhanced interrogation techniques. This Article concludes that the CIA breached the prohibition against non-consensual human experimentation when it conducted systematic studies on these detainees to validate the theory of learned helplessness

LEARNED HEPLESSNESS ANAK DALAM SITUASI ESKA (EKSPLOITASI SEKSUAL KOMERSIAL ANAK) : Studi Kasus Anak Dalam Situasi ESKA Di Kota Bandung

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran learned helplessness (Ketidakberdayaan) pada anak dalam situasi dan faktor-faktor apa saja yang ikut mempengaruhinya. Learned helplessness adalah kondisi bahwa individu merasa tidak mampu mengontrol (not in control) atas hasil (outcome) dari prilakunya sendiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada tiga orang anak (usia dibawah 18 tahun) yang berada dalam kondisi seks komersial di kota Bandung. Penggalian informasi dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan wawancara yang mendalam. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui proses reduksi data, display/penyajian data dan kesimpulan/verification. Hasil penelitian ini didapat gambaran tentang learned helplessness yang dialami oleh anak dalam situasi ESKA sebagai berikut: 1). Penurunan motivasi (Motivational deficit) yang terjadi pada dua orang subjek yaitu, AM dan CA 2). Gangguan emosi (Emotional deficit) yang terjadi pada ketiga subjek 3). Penurunan fungsi kognisi (Conitive deficit) yang terjadi pada dua orang subjek yaitu, CA dan IR. Faktor yang mendorong anak dalam situasi ESKA pada kondisi learned heplessness karena rendahnya resilience akibat dari banyaknya risk factor yang terjadi dan tidak ditemui adanya protective factor pada setiap subjek. Adapun bentuk dari risk factor yang terjadi pada ketiga subjek yaitu, pola asuh permisif, prilaku seksual pranikah, interaksi negatif , sedangkan risk factor dalam bentuk faktor ekonomi hanya ditemukan pada subjek AM dan CA. Kata kunci: Ketidakberdayaan, Learned Helplessness, Resilience, ESKA, Eskplotasi Seksual Komersial Anak. This study aimed to describe about learned helplessness in children in situations and what factors are involved affect it. Learned helplessness is a condition when people feel unable to control the results of his own temperament. This study was conducted to three children (aged under 18 years) which are in commercial sex in Bandung. . Extracting of information using qualitative approach with case study method. Data collection conducted in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed qualitatively through the process of data reduction, display / presentation of the data and conclusions/ verification. The results of this study gained an overview of learned helplessness experienced by children in situations of CSEC as follows: 1). Motivational deficit which occurred in two subjects, that is AM and CA 2). Emotional deficit which occurred in three subjects 3). Cognitive deficit which occurred in two subjects, that is CA and IR. Factors that encourage children in situations of CSEC in learned helplessness condition due to low, resilience as a result of the many risk factors that occur and not encountered any protective factor on every subject. The shape of the risk factors that occurred in three subjects namely, permissive parenting, premarital sexual behavior, negative interactions, while the risk factor in the form of economic factors only found in subjects AM and CA. Keywords: Learned helplessness, Resilience, CSEC, Exploitation Commercial Sexual Exploitation Of Children

Learned Helplessness Encountered by Michael Oher in the Blind Side Movie

Pamungkas, Dimas Probo. 2014. Learned Helplessness Encountered by Michael Oher in The Blind Side Movie. Study Program of English, Department of Languages and Literature, Faculty of Culture Studies, Universitas Brawijaya. Supervisor: Dyah Eko Hapsari;Co-supervisor: Sarlettina Vidyayani EkaKeywords: Learned Helplessness, African-American, Psychological, Social Behavior, Depression, The Blind Side.Social behavior shows several interactions between person and social situations, which stressed on how the person may behave accordingly to social values in a society. Behavior is really important in a person\u27s life especially in social context. Disturbances in family functioning, such as parental depression, severe marital conflict or divorce, death of a parent, or other disturbances are external factors that preserve abnormal behavior. Those conditions then form a person\u27s perspective of social behavior that the person preserves to be acceptable. Some of them who cannot fulfill the standards in very often case lead into learned helplessness. The Blind Side is one of the movies that show learned helplessness as an abnormal behavior. This movie was written and directed by John Lee Hancock, produced by Alcon Entertainment and released by Warner Bros in 2009, based on the 2006 book The Blind Side: Evolution of a Game by Michael Lewis. The Blind Side was a box-office success in 2009.The film itself also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Picture. The writer use social psychological approach by applying psychological theory which is combined with social behavior theory. In analyzing, the writer makes the main characters in the movie which is Michael Oher as the focus of research in order to reveal the helplessness in his life. Result of this thesis shows that, the helplessness encountered by Michael Oher triggered by continuity depressions by external factors. The inability to control the situation combined with depressions make him learned helplessness