Pengaruh Intervensi Teknik Perlekatan (Latch-on) pada Saat di Ruang Postpartum terhadap Frekuensi Pemberian Asi tanpa Mp-asi Selama 3 Minggu Pertama Kelahiran

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of intervention about latch-on technique in postpartum ward on the frequency of breastfeeding without complementary feeding in the first 3 weeks of birth. The design of this research is "quasy experimental" designed with "post-test only control group". The groups were divided into experimental group and control group. This sample of this study were mothers with normal delivery process in the postpartum ward RSUD Petala Bumi Pekanbaru. The sample consist of 30 mothers who were taken by using purposive sampling technique. The experiment group is provided with a demonstration latch-on technique allowed by redemonstration session to the mother and baby. Measuring instruments that used was the questionnaire about frequency of breastfeeding without complementary feeding. The Mann-Whitney test showed p (0.153) > α (0.05) means that latch-on technique intervention in postpartum ward has no effect on the frequencies of breastfeeding without complementary feeding in the first 3 weeks of birth. The result of this study recommended for doing further research about giving intervention latch-on technique with more ensure ability of respondents about the use of latch-on techniques in breastfeeding in the postpartum ward with increase number of interventions that achievement breastfeeding without complementary feeding can also be improved. Keywords : breastfeeding, complementary feeding, latch-on technique

Breast feeding practices and views among diabetic women: a retrospective cohort study

Objective: to explore the pattern and experiences of breast-feeding practices among diabetic women. Design: retrospective cohort study using maternal records and postal questionnaires in a Baby-Friendly hospital. Participants: diabetic mothers including women with gestational diabetes, and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Findings: from the total group of respondents, 81.9% intended to breast feed. The actual breast feeding rates were 81.9% at birth, 68.1% at 2 weeks and 28.7% at 6 months postpartum. Major themes that were identified from women's experiences included information and advice, support vs. pressure, classification and labelling, and expectations. Conclusions: more than two-thirds of the diabetic women intended to breast feed and actually did breast feed in this study. For both the total study population and the type 1 and 2 diabetics alone, more than half were still breast feeding at 2 weeks postpartum, and approximately one-third were still breast feeding at 6 months postpartum. Implications for practice: structured support, provided for women through Baby-Friendly initiatives, was appreciated by the diabetic women in this study. The extent to which this support influenced the highly successful breast feeding practices in this group of women needs focused investigation. The need for a delicate balancing act between pressure and advice in order to prevent coercion was noted.</p

Gale-Shapley Matching in an Evolutionary Trade Network Game

This study investigates the performance of Gale-Shapley matching in an evolutionary market context. Computational experimental findings are reported for an evolutionary match-and-play trade network game in which resource constrained traders repeatedly choose and refuse trade partners in accordance with Gale-Shapley matching, participate in risky trades modeled as two-person prisoner's dilemma games, and evolve their trade behavior over time. Particular attention is focused on correlations between ex ante market structure and the formation of trade networks, and between trade network formation and the types of trade behavior and social welfare outcomes that these trade networks support. Related work can be accessed here: http://www.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/tnghome.htmGale-Shapley matching; partner choice; agent-based modeling; evolutionary market game; Trade Network Game (TNG)

A model for the emergence of cooperation, interdependence and structure in evolving networks

Evolution produces complex and structured networks of interacting components in chemical, biological, and social systems. We describe a simple mathematical model for the evolution of an idealized chemical system to study how a network of cooperative molecular species arises and evolves to become more complex and structured. The network is modeled by a directed weighted graph whose positive and negative links represent `catalytic' and `inhibitory' interactions among the molecular species, and which evolves as the least populated species (typically those that go extinct) are replaced by new ones. A small autocatalytic set (ACS), appearing by chance, provides the seed for the spontaneous growth of connectivity and cooperation in the graph. A highly structured chemical organization arises inevitably as the ACS enlarges and percolates through the network in a short, analytically determined time scale. This self-organization does not require the presence of self-replicating species. The network also exhibits catastrophes over long time scales triggered by the chance elimination of `keystone' species, followed by recoveries.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

A new way to explain the 511 keV signal from the center of the Galaxy and its possible consequences

The first gamma-ray line originating from outside the solar system that was ever detected is the 511 keV emission from the center of our Galaxy. The accepted explanation of this signal is the annihilation of electrons and positrons. However, despite 30 years of intense theoretical and observational investigation, the main sources of positrons have not been identified up to now. In this paper I propose an alternative explanation: the observed signal is due to atomic transitions to "small hydrogen atom," where electron is captured by proton on a small tight orbit around proton. I describe the status of the experimental search to find the small hydrogen atom both in astrophysics data and the lab, and propose new methods how to discover it in the lab directly. The reason we are interested in this problem is that it could explain some astrophysics observations. Key words: 511 keV peak at the galactic center, small hydrogen atom, DDL atom, dark matterComment: 10 page