The most common weed species of the sunflower family (Asteraceae L.) in the continental region of Croatia

Glavočike (por. Asteraceae L.) se prvi puta pojavljuju u Eocenu, a danas su jedna od najvećih biljnih porodica. Mnoge vrste su važne za čovjeka u ekonomskom, hortikulturnom i medicinskom smislu. Međutim, neke vrste su postale korovi, te na taj način ugrožavaju poljoprivrednu proizvodnju, mogu biti opasne za zdravlje ljudi i životinja, a ako imaju invazivne osobine mogu biti izravna prijetnja bioraznolikosti. U ovom radu prikazano je osam najčešćih korovnih vrsta glavočika koje se pojavljuju u kontinentalnom dijelu Republike Hrvatske.Sunflower family (fam. Asteraceae L.) first time appeared in Eocene and today represent one of the biggest plant families. Many of the species are important for humans in economical, horticultural and medical sense. But some of the species became weeds. Therefore they are effecting agricultural production, represent a threat for human and animal health. If they are invasive species they can also be a direct threat to biodiversity. In this work, a short review of the eight most common weed species of the sunflower family, appearing the in continental region of Croatia, has been presented

Concentration of beta-carotene and vitamin A in blood serum of cows in peripartal period

In a herd of high-productive dairy cows of the Holstein breed, 40 cows were selected for an experiment. The animals were chosen at the period of advanced gravidity. Data on mean values of beta-carotene concentrations in blood serum of the cows show that significantly higher values (p<0.01) were established in advanced gravidity (x=9.53± 3.49 μmol/l) in comparison with the values on calving day (x=5.69±3.14 μmol/l) and in early puerperium (x=2.25±1.00 μmol/l). The average concentration of vitamin A in blood serum of cows varied approximately the same as the concentration of beta-carotene. The highest average concentration of vitamin A in blood serum of cows was determined in advanced gravidity (x=1.856±0.52 μmol/l), and the lowest in early puerperium (x=0.988±0.31 μmol/l) (p<0.05). It can be concluded on the grounds of the results obtained in this work that the average concentration of beta-carotene and vitamin A in blood serum of cows in advanced gravidity and on the day of calving is within the limits of physiological values and in keeping with the values cited in literature, and that concentrations of beta-carotene and vitamin A in blood serum of cows two weeks after calving are significantly lower than the values obtained in advanced gravidity and on the day of calving and are lower than the physiological values most often reported in literature for this animal specie

Influence of peripartum dietary energy supplementation on some blood biochemical parametars in dairy cows

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of an energy supplement on the basis of propylene glycol on the values of metabolic profile parameters in periparturient cows. Fifteen days before calving, 40 cows were selected and divided into two groups: control (n=20) and experimental (n=20). From day 15 before to day 30 after calving, the experimental group of cows received an energy supplement based on propyleneglycol added in food ("OSIMOL“, Veyx-Pharma GmbH, Germany). Blood samples were taken 15 days before and 10 days after calving. Concentrations of glucose and betahydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) were determined immediately after blood was taken. Concentrations of total protein, albumin, urea and total bilirubin were determined in the blood serum. There was no significant difference in the average values of the measured parameters between the control and the experimental group of cows. After parturition glycemia in cows of the control group was lower than physiologically acceptable (x=1.93±0.43 mmol/L), and glucose in cows of the experimental group was at the upper physiological limit (x=3.13±0.33 mmol/L) and signicantly higher (p<0.001) than in the control group. The concentration of BHBA in cows that received the energy supplement („OSIMOL“) was 0.40±0.12 mmol/L, while in the control group of cows it was significantly higher (p<0.001) and stood at 0.88 ±0.39 mmol/L. Furthermore, the concentration of total bilirubin in the cows of the experimental group was within the physiological range (x = 4.09± 1.42 μmol/L), while in the cows of the control group it was significantly higher (p<0.05) and stood at 10.19±5.16 μmol/l

Esubacute acidosis in rumen of high-yield dairy cows: Prevalence and prevention

The objective of the investigations presented in this paper was to establish the frequency of the incidence of subacute acidosis in the rumen of cows (SARA) in the first three months of lactation and the possibilities for its prevention using a mineral mix based on bentonite, zeolite, magnesium oxide, and sodium bicarbonate (Mix plus). The values obtained for the rumen pH content show that subacute rumen acidosis occurs in in 20 percent of the examined cows in the early stage of lactation. For these investigations, cows in early stages of lactation were chosen and divided into 2 groups. Cows of the experimental group were administered a fodder mix which contained the mineral mix for a buffer effect (Mix plus). The average values of the rumen pH content in the control and the experimental group of cows at the beginning and on the 30th day of the experiment were approximately the same and did not differ significantly (p>0.05). On the 60th day of the experiment, the values for the electrochemical reaction of the rumen content for the control group amounted to an average of 6.219±0.18, and for the experimental group of cows it was 6.772±0.23. The obtained difference was statistically very significant (p<0.001). At the end of the experiment, on the 90th day, the average pH value of the rumen content of cows of the control group was 6.308±0.16, while this value in the experimental group of cows was significantly higher and amounted to 6.676±0.29 (p<0.01)

Reproductive activity in cows following parturition against values of certain parameters of metabolic profile

Data from literature indicate that there is a correlation between the values of reproductive parameters and the values of parameters of the metabolic profile, even though this cannot be confirmed in many cases. The objective of this work was to examine the connection between certain parameters of the metabolic profile and the restoration of reproductive activity in the postpartal period. Blood samples were taken from the cows involved in the experiment and values of parameters of the metabolic state were determined in 27 cows, of which 14 were primiparous and 13 multiparous. In the blood serum samples, we determined the concentration of glucose, total proteins, albumin, urea, and the activities of certain enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, ASAT and ALAT). It was established on the grounds of the obtained results that the delay in the establishment of reproductive activity in the postpartal period was in correlation with the blood concentrations of urea and albumin.

ВПЛИВ ТРИВАЛОСТІ СЕРВІС-ПЕРІОДУ НА МОЛОЧНУ ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ТА ВІДТВОРНУ ЗДАТНІСТЬ КОРІВ

Досліджено вплив тривалості сервіс-періоду на молочну продуктивність та відтворну здатність корів голштинської породи чорно-рябої масті. Встановлено, що із зростанням сервіс-періоду зростає і молочна продуктивність. Найвищий надій за 305 днів лактації було отримано від корів із тривалістю сервіс-періоду більше 140 днів. Від корів-первісток із тривалістю сервіс-періоду в межах 80-140 днів отримано 9546 кг молока за 305 днів лактації та спостерігаються параметри відтворення, які характерні для тварин голштинської породи.Ключові слова: лактація, голштинська порода, бажаний тип, відтворення, молочна продуктивність.доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор, Пелехатый Н. С., Осипенко М. В. Влияние продолжительности сервис-периода на молочную продуктивность и воспроизводительную способность коров/ Житомирский национальный агроэкологический университет, Украина, Житомир Проведены исследования  влияния продолжительности сервис-периода на молочную продуктивность и воспроизводительною способность коров голштинской породы черно-пестрой масти. Установлено, что из повышением сервис-периода возрастает и молочная продуктивность. Наиболее высокие удои за 305 дней лактации получены от   коров с продолжительностью сервис-периода более 140 дней. От коров-первотелок, продолжительность сервис-периода которых находился в пределах 80-140 дней, получено 9546 кг молока за 305 дней лактации и наблюдаются высокие показатели воспроизводительной способности, характерны для голштинской породы.Ключевые слова: лактация, голштинская порода, желательный тип, воспроизводство, молочная продуктивность. PhD of agricultural Sciences, Professor M. Pelekhaty, Osypenko M.  The effect of the duration of service period on milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows / Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, Ukraine, ZhytomyrThe influence of service-period duration on milk production and reproductive ability of cows of Holstein breed black spotted suit has been investigated. It was established that with increasing of service-period also increases the milk production. The highest yield for 305 days of lactation was obtained from cows with service-period duration for more than 140 days. From the firstborn-cows with duration of service-period within 80-140 days was obtained 9546 kg of milk per 305 days of lactation. In this case the some reproduction parameters that are typical for the animals of Holstein breed were observed.Key words: lactation, Holstein breed, preference, reproduction, milk production.

Investigations of efficacy of intramammary applied antimicrobials and glucocorticosteroides in the treatment of subclinical and clinical mastitis in cows

Inflammation of the mammary gland, mastitis in cows, presents one of the most acute problems in intensive dairy production, inflicting huge economic losses. In the course of one year, 80 samples were taken at investigated farms from udder quarters of cows with clinical mastitis and 160 samples from udder quarters of cows with subclinical mastitis. The efficacy of three preparations, A, B, and C, was examined in the treatment of clinical and subclinical mastitis in cows. The investigations indicate that antibiotic preparation A (neomycin, polimixine B, oleandomycin and prednisolone) exhibited a greater efficacy in the treatment of clinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis and Micrococcus sp., but a smaller efficacy in the treatment of subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Preparation B (amoxicillin, clavulanic acid and prednisolone) exhibited a higher efficacy in the treatment of clinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis and Micrococcus, but a weaker effect in the treatment of subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Preparation C (procaine penicillin G, streptomycin, neomycin sulfate and prednisolone acetate) exihibited efficacy in the treatment of clinical and subclinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Esherichie coli. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III 46002: Molekularno-genetička i ekofiziološka istraživanja u zaštiti autohtonih animalnih genetičkih resursa, očuvanju dobrobiti, zdravlja i reprodukcije gajenih životinja i proizvodnji bezbedne hrane

Diet and fertility in cattle

The diet of high-yield dairy cows process a very complex and acute problem. Much new knowledge in the area of production and preparation of feedstuffs, diet technology, and the interactions that occur between the components of the nutritive feed ration are required in order to resolve this problem. It is necessary constantly to coordinate feed norms with genetic potential which is ever changing and advanced. The observed problems must be resolved using multidisciplinary methods so that a diet can yield good health, and that health contribute to better reproduction and possibilities for more successful breeding and improved performance in cattle farming. In certain countries, thanks to their geographic position and climatic conditions which allow rainfall throughout the year, a natural green diet can be applied, which provides large numbers of green mass components, and with additives which can be supplemented relatively easily. This type of diet is not possible in our farms. It is very important to know which feedstuff components are laking for certain categories of cattle. The used ration must be constant and administered to animals of certain age or production characteristics in order to improve production results at cattle farms. A great problem occurs when diet is reduced due to dried grass and the resulting stress in animals. A 50% diet reduction in young cattle often results in the occurrence of respiratory diseases. Following 10-14 days of treatment, the disease disappears in young animals, but the energy deficit leads to the weakening (depression) of the immune system. Even a so-called high-energy diet often causes respiratory diseases. A diet deficient in proteins also affects cows after lactation, as opposed to a normative diet, and a reduced protein diet disturbs the microbial activity in the rumen and the synthesis of compounds which are important for both the cow and the calf, making room for the incidence of metabolic diseases, most often acidosis. This paper presents and integral description of cattle diet management according to phases, and a new approach to cattle diet with respect to fertility observed in reproduction over a longer time period at large diary cow farms

Influence of puerperal gonadoreline application on reproductive parameter values in cows

This paper presents results of investigations conducted in order to investigate the influence of gonadoreline application 14-16, 17-20 and 21-25 days postpartum on reproductive parameters values in cows. A total of 241 cows was included in the study. Out of this number, 126 cows were treated with gonadoreline while 115 animals were placebo treated and served as controls. The estimation of progesterone concentration was conducted on 43 animals selected randomly from the first two groups of treated cows. Analyses of the results in cows that gave normal birth, revealed that mean anoestrus period, open day's period and intervals between calving were significantly lower in the gonadoreline treated groups. Reproductive parameter values in cows with different progesterone concentrations did not differ significantly. The period from gonadoreline application until conception, was shorter by 30, 30 and 14 days, respectively, compared to the controls. The total conception rate from the first three artificial inseminations was 88. 8% in gonadoreline treated groups and 83.47 % in the control groups

Effect of degree of lipomobilization on results of glucose test in dairy cows in heat stress

Cows exposed to heat stress exhibit a decreased ability to mobilize lipids due to increased sensitivity to insulin, which is expressed in a decreased concentration of NEFA. However, certain cows can preserve the level of lipid mobilization after adapting to heat stress. We assumed that cows that have a preserved ability to mobilize lipids are less sensitive to insulin and that they have a lower tolerance for glucose. The aim of this work was to compare the results of an intravenous glucose tolerance test in cows that exhibited, in prolonged heat stress, a decreased (NEFA<0.20 mmol/l) or preserved (NEFA>0.30 mmol/l) ability for lipid mobilization. Glucose concentration and NEFA concentration were measured following intravenous application of glucose. The mean glycaemic index value did not differ statistically significantly between the two groups of cows at 10, 15 and 20 minutes after glucose application (p>0.05), but there was a tendency at 10 and 15 minutes for the glycaemia to be higher in cows with preserved lipomobilization (p<0.1). At 30, 60 and 90 minutes after glucose application, glycaemia was statistically significantly higher (p<0.01; p<0.05 and p<0.05) in the group of cows with preserved lipomobilization. The glycaemic index values (mmol/l) shown in the same order (30, 60 and 90 minutes) were as follows 9.91±0.21: 9.23±0.41; 5.41±0.5: 4.67±0.33 and 4.31±0.39: 3.47±0.37. The mean value for NEFA concentration in samples originating from the two experimental groups of cows did not differ statistically significantly following glucose application. The NEFA concentration showed a tendency to be higher in cows with preserved lipid mobilization in comparison with cows with decreased lipomobilization at 20 and 30 minutes after glucose application (p<0.1). Following the intravenous glucose tolerance test, NEFA and glucose concentrations were in a significant negative correlation, and that correlation was more expressed in cows with decreased lipomobilization. Cows with preserved lipomobilization have a lower tolerance for glucose than cows with a decreased lipomobilization during heat stress. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31062