Study of ion mobility characteristics and morphology of some electrochemically-synthesised polypyrroles

This paper reports the diffusion coefficients of various dopant counter-anions into electrosynthesised polypyrrole films, the cyclic voltammetry behaviour of the doped polymers and the effects of the electrolyte on the morphology of the polymer. The diffusion properties of electrochemically-prepared poly(N-dodecylpyrrole) and polypyrrole films were investigated in electrochemical cells containing lithium perchlorate, tetramethylammonium chloride and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and the effects of the size of the ions on their diffusion coefficients are discussed

Development and testing of the Mars Rover Mobility Platform for educational and research purposes

Mars exploration has a long history, but there were only four roving vehicles which successfully operated on its surface (e.g. [1]). Main reasons for this are the mission cost and complexity. This paper describes a Mars Rover Mobility Platform for educational and research purposes developed at Kingston University of London. This platform utilises off-the-shelf components to minimise the cost of the project, and is designed to allow for future improvement. The rover is targeted to meet university research and educational objectives. This paper describes the design, manufacturing and control system of a robotic vehicle. The emphasis of this paper is the implementation of the control system. The investigation in locomotive sub-system and its traction performance was done [4]. The rover was manufactured in-house and its manufacturing method and its main components will be described. The control of the vehicle was done using python programming language and implemented on Raspberry Pi 2B+ controller. The communication was done via Wi-Fi using socket connection stream to identify the TCP/IP of the server and connect to the client. Finally, the testing operation was conducted by producing a qualitative comparison between the actual performance and the specified requirements. The rover design reported here achieved climbing capability for the slopes of 23o, the turning radius of zero degrees. The final mass of the rover is 18 kg including allowance for the payload. The rover is able to reach a velocity of 5 cm/s

A Review and an Approach of Flying Electric Generators as Alternate Source of Energy

This paper presents a review of flying electric generators which are used to harness kinetic energy in powerful, persistent high altitude winds. It has been found that FEGs could give individual output of up to 40MW. It is a lighter wind turbine that rotates about a horizontal axis in response to wind, generating electrical energy. This electrical energy is transferred down for immediate use, or to a set of batteries for later use, or to the power grid. This paper presents the critical analysis of existing literature which is relevant to flying electric generator Though, the literature consists of a lot many research contributions, but, here, we have analyzed some important research and review papers. The existing approaches are categorized based on the basic concepts involved in the mechanisms. The emphasis is on the concepts used by the concerned authors, the database used for experimentations and the performance evaluation parameters. Their claims are also highlighted. Finally, the findings are summarized related to the studied and analyzed research papers. Paper concludes with the motivation behind identified problem

Bradford’s Law Applicability to the Bacterial Blight Research: A Bibliometric Study

The present study test Bradford’s Law of scattering for the literature related to ‘Bacterial Blight’ research for the period 1989- 2021 as reflected in the Web of Science Core Collection database (Science Citation Index expanded). A total of 4748 articles related to Bacterial Blight research published and are scattered in 643 journals during the study period are retrieved. It was observed that the Phytopathology ranks first with total 5.22% (248) publications share, followed By Plant Disease ranks 2nd with 4.82% (229) publications, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ranks 3rd with 2.49% (118) publications

Automatic Overhead Water Tank Cleaning System: A Review and an Approach

Aim of this paper is to develop a mechanical system for cleaning domestic cylindrical water tank. The mechanical system includes two main mechanisms which are rack and pinion gear mechanism and reciprocating four bar linkage mechanism. The rack and pinion arrangement is used to move whole mechanical system up and down for cleaning the cylindrical tank. The rack is fixed on the motor and the four-bar mechanism is attached to the motor shaft. PVC brushes are attached to the ends of the four-bar linkage. Four bar linkage is made in such a way that it can be adjusted according to inside diameter of the tank. When the motor is started the linkage rotates and with the help of brushes, cleaning of wall and base of tank takes place. The purpose of this project is to reduce the human efforts and to avoid the chemical influence on health of person entering the tank for cleaning. In this modern world, cleaning of overhead tanks manually is a tedious job. To overcome this we have aimed at tackling the disadvantages of cleaning overhead tanks, so an automatic system overhead tank cleaning is designed to provide high safety, high efficiency, less time for cleaning and to avoid environmental pollution problems. Purpose of this paper is to clean domestic cylindrical water tank with the help of mechatronics system. The mechatronics system consists of a grooved gear rod attached to two arms with brushes at ends. The two arms are connected to the gear rod by nut. By rotating the gear rod, the up and down motion of the two arms is achieved. The gear rod is rotated with the help of a D.C gear motor. The main grooved shaft is powered by an A.C motor. The motor and the shaft are connected by a rubber belt. The clockwise rotation of the main shaft will make the arms move and vice versa. The whole operation is controlled by a circuit consisting of relay switches, buttons, and PIC microcontroller. The number of times for the operation to repeat can be fed into the circuit. The achievement of this project is reduction of cost and manual labour because there will be harmful diseases for the person who will go inside and it will affect the health as well as the other human being who consumes water from the tank

A Review and an Approach of Water Pollution Indication using Arduino Uno

Drinking water is critical for the wellbeing and prosperity of all people and creatures because water play major role in all living beings and most danger disease are caused by water and it is our duty to provide clean and safe water and also to monitor the pollution level in water it is additionally essential for farming utilization for good product yielding and natural way of life linkage wellbeing issues. With over 200 children dying per day due to unsafe water, drinking water crisis is ranked one on the global risk by World Economic Forum, 2015. This paper presents an easy and comprehensive methodology is microcontroller sensor based system continuous observing and pollution recognition for both drinking and non-drinking water dissemination frameworks and in addition for customer locales

Neovasculature in 3D-PLGA/nHAp Scaffolds for Murine Critical Sized Bone Defect Regeneration by Photoacoustic Imaging: A Preliminary Study

Abstract: Reconstruction of large bone defects remains a challenge in the orthopaedic clinic. Genetic modification of biomaterial scaffold provides the opportunity to control the cellular microenvironment by inducing expression of tissue inductive factors to promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Angiogenesis in tissue-engineering scaffolds is essential for supplying oxygen and nutrients to the cells, removing waste products, and ultimately functionalizing implanted scaffolds. However, it was difficult to visualize and measure angiogenesis in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds or new bone in bone tissue engineering in vivo and non-invasively. Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a novel imaging modality that can acquire volumetric data in a non-invasive manner. In this study, we fabricated lentivirus-mediated genetic modification of 3D-PLGA/nHAp scaffold (PH), which can deliver recombinant lentivirus carrying cytokine gene-pdgfb (LV-pdgfb). In vitro, the modified scaffolds (PHp) continuously released bioactive LV-pdgfb particles for up to 5 days, and expressed PDGF-BB and significantly promoted migration of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs). In vivo, we detected that there were significant increasing of expressing of pdgfb and angiogenesis related genes. In this preliminary study, by using acoustic-resolution PAM (AR-PAM) and optical-resolution PAM (OR-PAM), we have investigated the blood vessels pattern in mouse calvaria in vivo. We have confirmed that PAM is a useful tool in evaluating neovasculature in bone tissue. In the future, we will quantify the neovasculature in 3D-scaffold which assisted bone regeneration by PAM scanning, and correlate the neovasculature with new bone regeneration in a murine calvarial critical bone defect model in the future work

The Processes and Enthalpies in Synthesis of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 in Molten CdI 2

Abstract: Synthesis of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) in molten CdI 2 for solar cell absorber layer in monograin powder form is studied. The aim is to understand the chemical reactions and to describe the conditions for the synthesis of CZTS starting from binary compound precursors. It is found that the formation of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 proceeds mainly in the liquid phase of CdI 2 where CdS and Zn 1-x Cd x S form and initiate the formation of In addition, the doping of the synthesized monograin powder with Na and K, also with Cl, has a rather big influence on the monograin absorber material properties Using CdI 2 as a flux in monograin powder growth allows to produce a material without K/Na doping and to study the influence of intentional Na and/or K doping of CZTS. I. Leinemann (Klavina), studied the formation of CZTSe in NaI and KI and determined CZTSe formation reactions enthalpies In this report, we present the reaction path of CZTS synthesis in CdI 2 starting from binary compound precursors. In this study, various mixtures of the individual precursors with CdI 2 , as well as the precursor mixtures for the synthesis of CZTS in CdI 2 were used. We also report the chemical reactions and their enthalpies occurring in the growth process. All chemical reactions and enthalpy calculations are based on DTA-DSC analysis data and on phase changes determined by XRD and Raman analyses. II.EXPERIMENTAL Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (CZTS) monograin powder was synthesized from a mixture of precursors (Cu 2 S+SnS+ZnS+S) in the presence of molten phase of CdI 2 . Separate quasi-binary mixtures (Cu 2 S+CdI 2 ), (ZnS+CdI 2 ), (SnS+CdI 2 ) (S+CdI 2 ), also mixture for ternary Cu 2 SnS 3 (CTS) compound (Cu 2 S+SnS+S+CdI 2 ) were studied as described i

USB to USB Data Transfer using Raspberry Pi and ARM

Abstract: An importance of portability is well known to us so to achieve this, we are going to design a system which we can carry anywhere. Using this system we can not only transfer data but also we are able to see the transfer of the particular file which we are going to transfer by using graphical display .Hence the system to be designed will be more compact .In our project we are going transfer data between different USB devices using Raspberry pi and ARM7 without using any computer or laptop .As shown in block diagram four USB devices can be connected to Raspberry pi while one USB device can be connected to ARM 7.Out of these various devices one device can act as a master while others will act as slaves. After sending particular command to processor ,the processor will start fetching data from master USB device and ARM processor will wait from the signal from destination or slave USB.As soon as processor gets the signal from destination device data transfer operation get started

An active fraction from Dalbergia trichocarpa Baker disrupts the formation and maintenance of biofilms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

peer reviewedThe bark of Dalbergiatrichocapra Baker is traditionally used in Madagascar as an anti-infective remedy. Beyond the recently known anti-quorum sensing (QS) properties of the D. trichocarpabark n-hexane extract, QSindependent anti-infective activities have been also detected. Indeed, chromatographic fractionation allowed the elution of fraction F1 that affects neither bacterial growth nor the expression of QS-related genes (lasB and rhlA) but significantly reduces the formation of biofilm (55.8 ± 2.3%, as compared to control conditions). Moreover,F1 is able to disrupt the structure of one-day old preformed biofilms, which consequently increases the effectiveness of an antibiotic, levofloxacin, on biofilm-encapsulated bacteria (dead bacteria in presence of levofloxacin-F1 were two-fold higher compared to levofloxacin alone). This F1-triggered disruption of biofilm formation is presumably due to an induced reduction in flagellar-dependent motilities (swimming and swarming) as well as in exopolysaccharides production. The inhibitory effect on biofilm appears reversible as the biofilm formation resumes when F1 is discarded from the culture medium. This interesting non-bactericidal mechanism of action may justify the traditional uses of D. trichocarpa in Malagasy medicine. Further work aims at identifying the compound(s) responsible for this biofilm disruption