A theory of human error

Human errors tend to be treated in terms of clinical and anecdotal descriptions, from which remedial measures are difficult to derive. Correction of the sources of human error requires an attempt to reconstruct underlying and contributing causes of error from the circumstantial causes cited in official investigative reports. A comprehensive analytical theory of the cause-effect relationships governing propagation of human error is indispensable to a reconstruction of the underlying and contributing causes. A validated analytical theory of the input-output behavior of human operators involving manual control, communication, supervisory, and monitoring tasks which are relevant to aviation, maritime, automotive, and process control operations is highlighted. This theory of behavior, both appropriate and inappropriate, provides an insightful basis for investigating, classifying, and quantifying the needed cause-effect relationships governing propagation of human error

Analisa Human Error dengan Metode Sherpa dan Heart pada Kecelakaan Kerja di PT “Xyz”

PT “XYZ” berusaha untuk menjaga keamanan, keselamatan dan Kenyamanan operator ditempat kerja yang memiliki potensi bahaya. Namun pada stasiun ekstrusion sering terjadi kecelakaan kerja yang disebabkan oleh human error seperti bekerja dalam keadaan terburu-buru, sikap kerja yang salah dan tidak menggunakan APD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa human error yang mengakibatkan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja pada operator di stasiun ekstrusion. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode SHERPA yang digunakan untuk memprediksi human error yang mungkin terjadi dan metode HEART yang digunakan untuk mengetahui probabilitas kegagalan operator dalam melaksanakan pekerjaannya. Dari penelitian ini, diketahui prediksi human error yang dapat terjadi pada bagian wet area yaitu kelalaian operator dalam menggunakan APD dengan probabilitas sebesar 0,0532. Prediksi error yang dapat terjadi pada bagian talcum area yaitu kelalaian operator dalam menggunakan APD dan task 1.1 yaitu membersihkan talcum powder yang tumpah dengan probabilitas sebesar 0,038. Sedangkan prediksi error bagian packing area yaitu kelalaian operator dalam menggunakan APD dengan probabilitas sebesar 0,0232. Solusi perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan untuk kelalaian operator dalam menggunakan APD yaitu dengan memberikan training secara berkala kepada semua operator dan dilakukan pemeriksaan sebelum operator mulai bekerja. Sedangkan solusi perbaikan untuk task 1.1 yaitu supervisor melakukan pemeriksaan secara rutin dan mengingatkan operator untuk tetap menjaga kebersihan

Human Error and Organizational Management

The concern for performance is a topic that raises interest in the business environment but also in other areas that – even if they seem distant from this world – are aware of, interested in or conditioned by the economy development. As individual performance is very much influenced by the human resource, we chose to analyze in this paper the mechanisms that generate – consciously or not –human error nowadays.Moreover, the extremely tense Romanian context, where failure is rather a rule than an exception, made us investigate the phenomenon of generating a human error and the ways to diminish its effects.human error, performance, management, information processing, organizational culture

Published incidents and their proportions of human error

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Purpose - The information security field experiences a continuous stream of information security incidents and breaches, which are publicised by the media, public bodies and regulators. Despite the need for information security practices being recognised and in existence for some time the underlying general information security affecting tasks and causes of these incidents and breaches are not consistently understood, particularly with regard to human error. Methodology - This paper analyses recent published incidents and breaches to establish the proportions of human error, and where possible subsequently utilises the HEART human reliability analysis technique, which is established within the safety field. Findings - This analysis provides an understanding of the proportions of incidents and breaches that relate to human error as well as the common types of tasks that result in these incidents and breaches through adoption of methods applied within the safety field. Originality - This research provides original contribution to knowledge through the analysis of recent public sector information security incidents and breaches in order to understand the proportions that relate to human erro

An extension of the quickened display for manual control

It is very difficult (or even impossible) for a human to control plants of third order or more with little or no damping by just knowing the instantaneous error. It has been shown that adding first and/or higher order derivatives to the error signal and displaying the combined signal are effective in facilitating human control over such plants. This signal quickening technique by Birmingham and Taylor is further extended to incorporate the future trajectory variation into the displayed signal so as to minimize the tracking error. A method for tuning free parameters in ordinary and extended quickening is established by applying discrete-time optimal control. Experimental results for a triple integrator plant indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method to achieve high quality tracking

English Conversational Telephone Speech Recognition by Humans and Machines

One of the most difficult speech recognition tasks is accurate recognition of human to human communication. Advances in deep learning over the last few years have produced major speech recognition improvements on the representative Switchboard conversational corpus. Word error rates that just a few years ago were 14% have dropped to 8.0%, then 6.6% and most recently 5.8%, and are now believed to be within striking range of human performance. This then raises two issues - what IS human performance, and how far down can we still drive speech recognition error rates? A recent paper by Microsoft suggests that we have already achieved human performance. In trying to verify this statement, we performed an independent set of human performance measurements on two conversational tasks and found that human performance may be considerably better than what was earlier reported, giving the community a significantly harder goal to achieve. We also report on our own efforts in this area, presenting a set of acoustic and language modeling techniques that lowered the word error rate of our own English conversational telephone LVCSR system to the level of 5.5%/10.3% on the Switchboard/CallHome subsets of the Hub5 2000 evaluation, which - at least at the writing of this paper - is a new performance milestone (albeit not at what we measure to be human performance!). On the acoustic side, we use a score fusion of three models: one LSTM with multiple feature inputs, a second LSTM trained with speaker-adversarial multi-task learning and a third residual net (ResNet) with 25 convolutional layers and time-dilated convolutions. On the language modeling side, we use word and character LSTMs and convolutional WaveNet-style language models