Uji Sterilitas dari Berbagai Jenis Pengemas yang Telah Dibuka Kemasan Sekundernya dan Disimpan Selama Tiga Hari

Sterile gauze is a health tool that is widely used in society. Sterile gauze used to cover wounds to prevent contamination. A box of sterile gauze that contains several sheets usually isn't necessary used up for one day. Therefore, sterility test has been done in this research. There were two types of sterile gauze,which were tested during the experiment. The types of primary packaging are made of parchment paper and plastic material. The research carried out for sterility test in different conditions i.e. the initial conditions and for three days storage after the secondary packaging was opened. Sterility testing using the medium tioglikolat and kasamino, which was sterilized by autoclave at 121'C for 15 minutes. As a positive control used Baccilus subtilis bacteria grown on medium tioglikolat, and the fungus candida albicans grown in medium kasamino. The result of the research showed that sterile gauze using parchment paper as primary packaging proved sterile. While the use of plastic primary packaging depending on the level of transparency. For the type of opaque white plastic packaging weren't proven to be sterile or have shown the growth of microorganisms. Unsterile gauze was count the number of colonies with ALT method and the results as much as as 1,6.10' CFU/ml

A novel one-step lens cleaning device using air and water flow for endoscopic surgery

学位記番号：医博甲173

Oxygen transport and transfer properties of erbia-stabilized bismuth oxide

The electrode resistances of solid solutions of 75 mol% Bi2O3−25 mol% Er2O3 with sputtered and with copressed gold gauze electrodes were compared. In contrast with literature no enhancement of the electrode process could be observed for the copressed electrodes. The measurements show an oxygen partial pressure dependence of power−0.5 for the electrode resistance. Additionally 18O2 exchange results also point to a low oxygen coverage and dissociative adsorption of oxygen. The electrode surface contributes significantly to the electrode process

The use of haemostatic agents in thyroid surgery: efficacy and further advantages: Collagen-Fibrinogen-Thrombin Patch (CFTP) versus Cellulose Gauze.

Abstract Aim: To assess the efficacy of two widely used topical haemostatic agents: oxidised regenerated cellulose gauze and Collagen-Fibrinogen-Thrombin Patch in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. Material of study: This was a prospective, comparative, non-randomised study in which consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for benign disease received standard treatment with no haemostatic agent, cellulose gauze, or CFTP. Main outcome measures were drainage volume 24 hours after surgical procedure and the occurrence of post-operative complications (haematoma, seroma, surgical-site infection). Results: Two hundred seventy-one (271) patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for benign disease: 65 received standard treatment, 60 received cellulose gauze and 146 received CFTP. Seroma was significantly reduced in the CFTP group compared with both the cellulose gauze group (p=0.006) and the standard treatment group (p=0.017). A significant reduction in drainage volume was also observed with CFTP compared with the other two groups (both p<0.001). Drainage volume was also significantly reduced with cellulose gauze versus standard treatment (p<0.001). No septic events were observed after application of CFTP. One hematoma was observed in the non haemostatic group. Conclusions: Both haemostatic agents reduced the amount of sero-hematic fluid during the first 24 hours post-surgery, with CFTP more effective than oxidized cellulose gauze. The use of haemostatic agents may increase the quality of thyroid surgery, improve patient comfort after surgery, and reduce hospital stay

Synthesis and Characterization of Polypyrole on Steel Gauze Electrode by Voltammetry Cyclic Method

The coating of polypyrrole (PPy) on steel gauze electrode by electropolymerization of pyrrole with voltammetry cyclic method has been investigated. The purpose of this research is a preliminary study the character of a steel gauze as working electrode which potential to electrodeposition on Polypyrrole (PPy) film based on literature. Based on cyclic voltammogram of PPy, the oxidation potential has been achieved at a potential range of 0V to 1V which compared to Ag/AgCl as reference electrode at a anodic peak current (Ipa) near 7 mA at a scan rate 100 mV/sec from a solution 0.05M of Py in the solution 0.1M of KCl as supporting electrolyte. The competition between PPy with some major component of steel gauze such as Fe, Zn, Cr or Mn occured, in the potential range 0 to 1V during the electropolimerization. The main component of steel gauze has been analyzed by X-Ray Fluoresence (XRF). PPy films can cover the surface of steel gauze with the number of ten cycles of polymer growth on the electrode surface have been studied with the anodic and cathodic peak current with the correlation coefficient 0.999 and 0.991 of the increasing the number of cycles at the potential range of 0.2V to 0.8V. The results of PPy film on the steelgauze electrode has been characterized by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR)

Debridement of wounds with honey

Honey has been used as a debriding agent since ancient times. Its debriding properties have been rediscovered in more recent times, with various case reports published in the latter decades of the 20th century describing its effectiveness in cleaning up wounds. More recently its effectiveness has been compared with that of modern debriding agents, and honey has been found to work more rapidly than all except larval therapy. A randomised controlled trial demonstrated significantly better debriding with honey than with hydrogel. Other trials have shown that honey is a good alternative to surgical debridement for the treatment of necrotising fasciitis in the genital region. Seven case series and ten single case studies have also been published in which the effectiveness of honey in debriding wounds was reported. A prophylactic action of honey has also been reported, where in a randomised controlled trials comparing honey with silver sulfadiazine for the treatment of burns there was no eschar formed with honey but there was eschar formed in the cases treated with silver sulfadiazine. A similar finding has been reported in an animal model, where adjacent experimental wounds were kept clean with honey-soaked gauze but formed thick dense scabs where treated with saline-soaked gauze. The mechanism of action of honey is as yet unknown, but appears to be by way of stimulating autolytic debridement. Additional advantages using honey rather than other moist debridement are that its antibacterial action prevents bacterial growth from being encouraged, and its osmolarity prevents maceration of periwound skin

Effect of packing on nasal mucosa of sheep

The effects of packing with ribbon gauze and neuropatties on the nasal mucosa was assessed using sheep as an animal model. Fourteen sheep either underwent ribbon gauze or neuropattie nasal packing. Trauma to nasal mucosa caused by ribbon gauze and neuropatties was compared to mucosa on the lateral aspect of the middle turbinate which was not in contact with any packing. This tissue was used as a control. Ribbon gauze packing resulted in significant loss of 68 per cent of the ciliated surface of the mucosa when compared with the control group with a 15 per cent loss of ciliated surface (p < 0.005). Neuropattie packing also resulted in significant loss of 50 per cent of the ciliated surface of the mucosa when compared with the control group (p < 0.005). There was no significant difference in loss of ciliated mucosa in the specimens packed with ribbon gauze or neuropatties (p = 0.25). Nasal packing results in a significant mucosal injury with loss of cilia. This may influence the mucociliary clearance of the nose in the post-operative healing phase. Pre-operative nasal packing should be used circumspectly and if possible avoided.Chi-kee Leslie Shaw, Robert B. Dymock, Allison Cowin and Peter-John Wormal

Oxygen Transfer on Substituted ZrO2, Bi2O3, and CeO2 Electrolytes with Platinum Electrodes II. A-C Impedance Study

An equivalent electrical circuit that describes the electrode processes on different electrolytes, using porous Pt electrodes,is given. Diffusional processes are important and have to be presented by Warburg components in the circuit. Theoverall electrode process is rate limited by diffusion of atomic oxygen on the electrode surface for stabilized zirconia andsubstituted ceria (low PO2). On stabilized bismuth sesquioxide diffusion of atomic oxygen on the electrolyte surface is ratelimiting at high PO2 while at low PO2 another process, probably diffusion of electronic species in the electrolyte, is dominant.One of these processes plays a role too on substituted ceria at high PO2, where a charge transfer process is dominant. Theseresults are consistent with the mechanisms developed in part I of this paper

Risk factors for central venous catheter-related infections in surgical and intensive care units. The Central Venous Catheter-Related Infections Study Group.

To identify avoidable risk factors for central venous catheter (CVC) infections in patients undergoing short-term catheterization

Unmasking History: Who Was Behind the Anti-Mask League Protests During the 1918 Influenza Epidemic in San Francisco?

On April 17, 2020, San Francisco Mayor London Breed did something that had not been done for 101 years. She issued an order that face masks be worn in public as a measure to help prevent the spread of infectious disease in the midst of a pandemic. This act promptly raised questions about how things were handled a century ago. The media soon picked up on the antics of an “Anti-Mask League” that was formed in San Francisco to protest this inconvenience, noting some historical parallels with public complaint about government overreach. This essay dives deeper into the historical context of the anti-mask league to uncover more information about the identity and possible motivations of those who organized these protests. In particular it shines light on the fascinating presence of the leading woman in the campaign—lawyer, suffragette, and civil rights activist, Mrs. E.C. Harrington