A brief explanation of Kant's Enlightenment article

A presentation of Kant's idea for enlightenment process that was happening at that time. I try to be objective as it is needed to give a thorough explanation for what was the main subject in this process. Kant explains the main idea of enlightenment and describes it with examples for which stands descriptive and understandable for that period

Developing a Prerogative Theory for the Authority of the Chancery: The French Connection

This chapter demonstrates that an important influence on theoretical understanding of the equity jurisdiction and the need for the Chancery around 1600. It identifies a significant influence from the writings of Jean Bodin. This begins in the work of William Lambarde c.1580, but can also be identified in several other contributions to debates about the Chancery in the decades around 1600

Attorney Client Confidentiality in the Criminal Environmental Law Context: Blowing the Whistle on the Toxic Client

Whether an attorney should blow the whistle on a client\u27s violation of environmental law is a question that is likely to confront attorneys with increasing frequency. While the regulation of pollution is not new, the criminalization of the violation is a relatively new development. Recognizing the impact of pollution on human health and the environment, Congress has passed a panoply of laws making certain unauthorized disposal and emission practices, and the failure to keep records of hazardous wastes felony offenses. This Article explores the ethics of disclosure within the context of environmental crimes by examining the following threshold questions: (1) what environmental laws are implicated by the client\u27s actions, and (2) whether those actions reach criminal proportion. The Article explores the general conditions under which an attorney may breach an ethical duty of confidentiality and the policies supporting that duty. The Article advocates an interpretation of both the Model Code of Professional Responsibility and Model Rules of Professional Conduct that would permit reporting a client who is resolute in committing, or commits, an environmental crime which might seriously harm people if timely action is not taken. The Article concludes by providing suggestions on how an attorney should analyze the issue of disclosure of a client\u27s violation and then applies this analysis to a hypothetical

Bayesian Information Extraction Network

Dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) offer an elegant way to integrate various aspects of language in one model. Many existing algorithms developed for learning and inference in DBNs are applicable to probabilistic language modeling. To demonstrate the potential of DBNs for natural language processing, we employ a DBN in an information extraction task. We show how to assemble wealth of emerging linguistic instruments for shallow parsing, syntactic and semantic tagging, morphological decomposition, named entity recognition etc. in order to incrementally build a robust information extraction system. Our method outperforms previously published results on an established benchmark domain.Comment: 6 page

The development of translation theories in Europe

Este artigo trata do desenvolvimento dos estudos da tradução na Europa, no siculo XX. O maior enfoque está na mudança da perspeciiva de pesquisa, da comparação entre línguas para a confrontação de textos e da focalização datradução como atividade pragmática para a investigação do pensamento do tradutor (perspectiva cognitiva). Paralelamente à discussão dos conceitos teóricos, comenta-se também o desenvolvimento institucional dos estudos da tradução.Der vorliegende Aufsatz behandelt die Entwicklung der europäischen Übersetzungswissenschaft im 20. Jahrhundert. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf dem Wandel der Forschungsperspektive vom Vergleich einzelner Sprachen hin zur Gegenüberstellung von Texten und von der Betonung des Handlungscharakters der Übersetzung hin zur Untersuchung des übersetzerischen Denkens (kognitive Perspektive). Parallel zur Diskussion theoretischer Konzepte, ist auch die institutionelle Entwicklung der Übersetzungswissenschaft Gegenstand der Untersuchung

Thinking the unthinkable: managerialization of work related suicides as a framing process.

Managerialism has been studied in many ways, including diffusion of management techniques notably in public sectors, management ideology or the colonization of everyday life by management thought. However, the process leading to managerialism, namely managerialization, has been largely unexplored in this literature. This article draws upon framing theory to better understand managerialization processes. The article offers two case studies that investigate following theoretical assumptions: (1) managerialization acts as a framing process on every kind of issue; (2) managerialization has framing process characteristics. Two frame analysis based on newspaper articles about work related suicide show that one of the identified frames has strong managerial characteristics and suggest that managerialization took place as a set of framing processes. Taken together, these studies provide insight to characterize the process of managerialization. Research implications and limitations are discussed in order to highlight directions for futher researchs.Work related suicide; Framing process; Frame analysis; Managerialism; Managerialization;