From fix to fit into the autoptic human brains.

Formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded (FFPE) human brain tissues are very often stored in formalin for long time. Formalin fixation reduces immunostaining, and the DNA/RNA extraction from FFPE brain tissue becomes suboptimal. At present, there are different protocols of fixation and several procedures and kits to extract DNA/RNA from paraffin embedding tissue, but a gold standard protocol remains distant. In this study, we analyzed four types of fixation systems and compared histo and immuno-staining. Based on our results, we propose a modified method of combined fixation in formalin and formic acid for the autoptic adult brain to obtain easy, fast, safe and efficient immunolabelling of long-stored FFPE tissue. In particular, we have achieved an improved preservation of cellular morphology and obtained success in postmortem immunostaining for NeuN. This nuclear antigen is an important marker for mapping neurons, for example, to evaluate the histopathology of temporal lobe epilepsy or to draw the topography of cardiorespiratory brainstem nuclei in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). However, NeuN staining is frequently faint or lost in postmortem human brain tissues. In addition, we attained Fluoro Jade C staining, a marker of neurodegeneration, and immunofluorescent staining for stem cell antigens in the postnatal human brain, utilizing custom fit fixation procedures

The Effect of Environmental Factors on Microbial Growth

Chemical factors that have inhibition based on the results of this practicum are Tetracycline and formalin. In this experiment, no type of liquid bath soap was found that inhibited the growth of E. coli. This can occur because of an error in the experimental procedure. Escherichia coli bacteria can grow optimally in the temperature range of 30 ° C. Formalin has a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria, as well as Tetracycline antibiotics which can inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria

Effect of henbane seed on acute and chronic painin male rats

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that anticholinergic alkaloid compounds have antinociceptive property. Regarding to the presence of anticholinergic alkaloid compounds in henbane (hyoscyamus niger) and due to the expressing of this plant as sedative in the traditional medicine of Iran, in the present study the antinociceptive effect of henbane was examined. In the first experiment, the acute and chronic pain thresholds of male rats were assessed using formalin test. The effect of oral administration and i.p injection of alcoholic extract of henbane on pain perception were then examined. Material & Methods : Male NMRI rats weighting 300-350 gr were chosen, and alcoholic extract of henbane seed at 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg doses were injected to them (n=8) intraperitoneally. Also oral henbane seed 1/14 in pelleted food was given to another group of rats (n=8) for 2 weeks. Acute and chronic pain thresholds in control group (n=8) and mentioned experimental groups were assessed by formalin test. In addition, the antinociceptive effect of sodium salisilate as a positive control group was examined. Results: Statistical analysis shows that injection of alcoholic extract of henbane seed in any given doses decreases the formalin-induced acute and chronic pain significantly (P<0.001). In addition, oral administration of henbane seed can increase formalin-induced chronic pain threshold (P<0.001) significantly. Conclusion: Our results indicate that henbane extract injection has significant antinociceptive effect on acute and chronic phases of formalin test. In addition, oral administration of henbane seed has only antinociceptive effect on formalin-induced chronic pain. It could be resulted from different mechanisms of extract injection and oral administration in acute pain

Formalin Exposure on the Rats Feeding Diet on Antioxidant Enzymatic activity and Oxidative Damage of Rats Liver Tissue

Using formalin or formaldehyde as a illegal preservative on food and ingredient Is very danger for health because formalin is a toxic and carcinogenic substance that potent as a sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radical exogenous. The aim of this research was to know the potent of formalin toxicities that exposure through the rats feeding diet on antioxidant enzymatic activity (SOD and GSH) and effect on oxidative damages of rats hepar tissue (MDA). Twenty five of male rats of 8 to 10 weeks old, with the body weigh 100 to 120 g, were divided into 5 groups. Group I was the control group, treated with a standard pellet feeding diet without formalin. Group II, III, IV and V were administrated with treatment feeding diet with formalin content of each were 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm. The result showed that formalin exposure through the feeding diet of rats (Rattus novegicus) affect decreasing highly significantly (P<0,01) on antioxidant enzymatic (GSH) and increasing oxidative damage (MDA) of liver tissue of rat (Rattus norvegicus)

DNA extraction from formalin-fixed tissue: new light from the Deep-Sea

DNA samples were extracted from ethanol and formalin-fixed decapod crustacean tissue using a new method based on Tetramethylsilane (TMS)-Chelex. It is shown that neither an indigestible matrix of cross-linked protein nor soluble PCR inhibitors impede PCR success when dealing with formalin-fixed material. Instead, amplification success from formalin-fixed tissue appears to depend on the presence of unmodified DNA in the extracted sample. A staining method that facilitates the targeting of samples with a high content of unmodified DNA is provided

Antinociceptive Effects of Intrathecal Landiolol Injection in a Rat Formalin Pain Model

Perioperative beta-blocker administration has recently been recommended for patients undergoing cardiac or other surgery due to the beneficial cardiovascular effects of these agents. In addition, some studies have reported that perioperatively administered beta-blockers also have analgesic effects. In this study, to investigate the antinociceptive effects and the analgesic profile of landiolol, we examined the effects of intrathecal landiolol administration on nociceptive pain behavior and c-fos mRNA expression (a neural marker of pain) in the spinal cord using a rat formalin model. We found that pain-related behavior was inhibited by intrathecal landiolol administration. Moreover, the increase in c-fos mRNA expression on the formalin-injected side was less pronounced in rats administered landiolol than in saline administered controls. Thus, intrathecal administration of landiolol exhibited antinociceptive effects. Further investigation of the antinociceptive mechanism of landiolol is required

Pengaruh Pajanan Akut Formalin Per Oral Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Hati Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Galur Wistar

Latar Belakang: Formalin merupakan bentuk cair dari formaldehid. Pajanan formalin yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan peningkatan stres oksidatif yang menyebabkan kerusakan di sel tubuh, termasuk hepatosit. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis gambaran histopatologis serta nilai kerusakan hati tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar yang dipajan akut formalin per oral pada berbagai dosis (0, 25, 50, 100, dan 200 mg/kgBB) dan mengetahui dosis minimal formalin yang dapat menyebabkan Perubahan gambaran histologis hati hewan uji. Metodologi: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental murni selama 14 hari perlakuan dengan rancangan acak menggunakan 25 tikus yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol normal (N) dipajan akuades 1,5 ml; kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) dipajan formalin 0,01 ml; kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) diberikan formalin 0,03 ml; kelompok perlakuan 3 (P3) diberikan formalin 0,05 ml; dan kelompok perlakuan 4 (P4) diberikan formalin 0,1 ml. Kemudian organ hati diambil untuk dianalisis secara histopatologi dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE) pada perbesaran lensa objektif 40x. Hasil analisis kerusakan hepatosit kemudian dianalisis dengan One-Way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan Post hoc LSD dengan program SPSS v23. Hasil: Pajanan oral formalin menunjukkan gambaran kerusakan hepatosit berupa degenerasi parenkimatosa, degenerasi hidropik, dan nekrosis. Nilai kerusakan histopatologis meningkat sesuai dengan peningkatan dosis formalin yang dipajankan. Kerusakan hepatosit tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok perlakuan 4 (P4) dengan dosis 200 mg/kgBB. Kesimpulan: Pajanan formalin per oral menyebabkan Perubahan gambaran histologis hepatosit

Stabilitas Formalin terhadap Pengaruh Suhu dan Lama Pemanasan

Formalin merupakan senyawa kimia yang dimanfaatkan sebagai agen desinfektan dan agen bacterial yang baik. Namun banyak produsen atau pedagang makanan yang menyalahgunakan formalin sebagai pengawet makanan. Pada dasarnya, bahan makanan sebelum dikonsumsi menjadi makanan jadi maka bahan tersebut diolah terlebih dahulu melalui proses pemanasan dengan suhu rata-rata diatas 100 C. Sehingga formalin yang digunakan sebagai pengawet pada makanan akan mengalami proses penguraian. Maka perlu dilakukan uji stabilitas formalin dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri visible memanfaatkan pereaksi nash serta dilakukan pula evaluasi mengenai kinetika kimia formalin. Validasi metode dilakukan sebelum uji stabilitas formalin dengan mengukur absorbansi 3 seri larutan standar formalin dengan konsentrasi 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 mg/mL dengan prosedur sebagai berikut: 1 mL larutan standar formalin dengan 2 mL pereaksi Nash. Didiamkan selama 2 jam hingga kompleks senyawa diacetyldihydrolutidine (DDL) yang terbentuk menjadi stabil. Selanjutnya larutan formalin diukur absorbansinya pada panjang gelombang maksimumnya yaitu 412 nm. Suhu dan lama pemanasan mempengaruhi stabilitas formalin. Pemanasan pada suhu larutan 96C selama 40 menit dapat menguraikan formalin sebanyak 88,1%. Kinetika degradasi formalin mengikuti orde reaksi 1 dengan tetapan laju reaksi sebesar 0,053 mg/mL menit dan waktu paruh selama 13,08 menit.formalin, stabilitas, suhu pemanasan , lama pemanasan, spektrofotometri visibel.formalin, stabilitas, suhu pemanasan , lama pemanasan, spektrofotometri visibel

Freezing and chemical preservatives alter the stable isotope values of carbon and nitrogen of the Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea)

We tested the impacts of most common sample preservation methods used for aquatic sample materials on the stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in clams, a typical baseline indicator organism for many aquatic food web studies utilising stable isotope analysis (SIA). In addition to common chemical preservatives ethanol and formalin, we also assessed the potential impacts of freezing on δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values and compared the preserved samples against freshly dried and analysed samples. All preservation methods, including freezing, had significant impacts on δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values and the effects in general were greater on the carbon isotope values (1.3-2.2% difference) than on the nitrogen isotope values (0.9-1.0% difference). However, the impacts produced by the preservation were rather consistent within each method during the whole 1 year experiment allowing these to be accounted for, if clams are intended for use in retrospective stable isotope studies