High efficiency multifrequency feed

Antenna systems and particularly compact and simple antenna feeds which can transmit and receive simultaneously in at least three frequency bands, each with high efficiency and polarization diversity are described. The feed system is applicable for frequency bands having nominal frequency bands with the ratio 1:4:6. By way of example, satellite communications telemetry bands operate in frequency bands 0.8 - 1.0 GHz, 3.7 - 4.2 GHz and 5.9 - 6.4 GHz. In addition, the antenna system of the invention has monopulse capability for reception with circular or diverse polarization at frequency band 1

OK-Net EcoFeed: Organic Knowledge Network for Monogastric Animal Feed

When feeding organic farm animals, the goal is to offer balanced diets that are fully organic and from home-grown or regionally-sourced feedstuffs. For monogastrics, pigs and poultry, updated European legislation will come into force in 2021 which will require that “at least 30% of the feed shall come from the farm itself or, if this is not feasible or such feed is not available, shall be produced in cooperation with other organic or in-conversion production units and feed operators using feed and feed material from the same region.” (Regulation EU, 2018). Achieving diets containing 100% organic feed for monogastrics is problematic, and current EU Regulations acknowledge this difficulty by allowing the use of 5% non-organic feed. However, this will cease when the updated legislation comes into force. Senior Livestock Researcher Lindsay Whistancereports on progress being made by the OK-Net EcoFeed project to address the issues

Performance and Meat Cholesterol Content of Broiler Chickens Fed Pluchea Indica L. Leaf Meal Reared Under Stress Condition

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary addition Pluchea indica L. leaf meal on performances and meat cholesterol content of broiler. One hundred sixty two DOC CP707 strain were reared for four weeks in high stocking density of 15 birds/m2. The birds were fed experimental diets consisted of R1 (commercial feed + Vitastress), R2 (commercial feed + 2% P. indica leaf meal), R3 (commercial feed + 4% P. indica leaf meal), R4 (commercial feed + 6% P. indica leaf meal), and R5 (commercial feed + 8% P. indica leaf meal). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and any significant differences were further tested using least significance difference (LSD) test. The treatment significantly increased (P < 0.05) final body weight, body weight gain, feed and water intake, and decreased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. It is concluded that P. indica leaf meal could be added into a diet at the level of 2%. P. indica leaf meal addition at the level of 2% into a diet is also able to decrease the cholesterol content of broiler meat up to 8%

EVALUASI PENAMBAHAN PROBIOTIK TERHADAP KONSUMSI, PERTAMBAHAN BOBOT BADAN DAN KONVERSI PAKAN SAPI BRAHMAN CROSS TIPE STEER PADA FASE GROWER

The research aims to determine the level of feed consumption, daily body weight gain and feed conversion of Brahman cross type steer cattle in the grower phase given the addition of probiotics. This research was conducted for 30 days on 11 October – 9 November 2023 at PT. Kariyana Gita Utama Sukabumi, West Java. The material for this research was 70 Brahman cross type steer cattle in the grower phase divided into two treatments, 35 heads for the treatment of adding probiotics to the feed ration and the other 35 heads as controls. The method used in this research is the Experimental Method. The data analysis used in this research is unpaired T test analysis. The variables observed were feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. The dry matter consumption (BK) of Brahman cross P1 cattle feed of 11.47 kg was not significantly different (P>0.05). The body weight gain of Brahman cross cattle was not significantly different (P>0.05) at 1.59, 2.02 and 2.14 kg at P1. The feed conversion rate for Brahman cross cattle was 8.1 P1 and was significantly different (P<0.05)

A new impedance matching method for an ultra-wide band and dual circularly polarised feed

In traditional antenna design, metal components are not placed in the central part of the antenna as they change the characteristics of near field radiation. However, we show that placing a metal ring in the centre of the strip lines, which connect the ends of folded high-frequency dipoles, does not damage the performance of the feed. Instead it significantly improves the voltage standing wave ratio of the feed whilst other performance indicators are not compromised. Thus, our findings show an excellent way of improving the wide band feed. Based on this foundation, a new circularly polarised feed for operation between 0.4 to 2 GHz is introduced for the Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph in this paper. The issue of a feed impedance matching network is investigated. By optimising the impedance matching, the performance of the feed is enhanced with respect to the previous realisations of the Eleven feed. The simulation and experimental results show that the gain of the feed is about 10 dBi, and the VSWR is less than 2:1. In addition, the feed has a low axial ratio, fixed phase centre location, and constant beam width in the range of 0.4 to 2 GHz

Physical and financial characteristics of high input and low input dairy farms in New Zealand : research project for thesis, to be presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Animal Science, Institute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

In recent years the use of supplements in New Zealand dairy farms has increased, but there is little information about the way in which this extra feed has influenced the dairy system. This research work aimed at analysing the effect of extra feed input on the physical and financial performance of dairy farms. ProfitWatch data corresponding to 915 owner -operated dairy farms were analysed. The data was classified according to dairy season (1998/99, 1999/00, 2000/01, 2001/02), extra feed offered per cow (low input systems: 500kg DM extra feed/cow) and quartiles according to EFS/ha. The definition of extra feed comprised supplements imported, winter grazing and maize grown in the farm. The statistical analysis comprised analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis done in SAS. In all 4 dairy seasons, high input systems had higher stocking rates (2.7-2.8 vs 2.4-2.5 cows/ha), lower comparative stocking rate (83-86 vs 92-83 kg LWT/t DM), higher milksolids production per cow (293-341 vs 249-295 kg MS/cow) and per hectare (826-921 vs 616-744 kg MS/ha), and higher use of nitrogen fertiliser per hectare (85-116 vs 53-67 kg N/ha/year) than low input systems. During the period of study, milksolids payout increased from $3.58/kg MS in 1998/99 to$5.30/kg MS in 2001/02. High input systems had higher Gross Farm Income per hectare ($3287/ha vs$2374/ha in 1998/99; and $5377/ha vs$4362/ha in 2001/02) and higher Farm Working Expenses per hectare ($2519/ha vs$1760/ha in 1998/99, and $3259/ha vs$2187/ha in 2001/02) than low input systems. There were not significant differences in EFS/ha, Return on Assets (%) and Return on Equity (%) between farms in the 3 feed input systems. Within each feed input system, farms in the top quartile for EFS/ha had higher stocking rates and higher estimated pasture consumed per hectare than their corresponding farm system in the bottom quartile. Regression analysis of all the farms (915 farms) showed that across all farms, the marginal (average of 4 years) response to the extra feed used was 50g MS/cow/kg DM extra feed per cow. But the marginal response per hectare to extra feed was higher (96g MS/ha/kg DM extra feed per hectare) due to associated increases in stocking rate and other inputs. The operating cash surplus per hectare increased by approximately $0.07 to$0.12/kg DM of extra feed used per hectare, but EFS/ha was not significantly affected by these differences in cash operating surplus. Keywords: low, intermediate and high input systems: extra feed