Penerapan Metode Examples Non Examples untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa Kelas Iiia SD Negeri 187 Pekanbaru

Social sciences are social sciences simplified for the purposes of education and teaching of primary and secondary schools, so that the IPS is that the social sciences are selected and adapted for use educational programs to learn other equivalent. This research is a classroom action research (PTK) which aims to improve learning outcomes IPS IIIA grade students of SD State 187 Pekanbaru. The study was conducted in two cycles, the first cycle consisted of three meetings with one test and the second cycle also consists of two cycles consist of three meetings with one daily tests. Problem in this research is the low student learning outcomes IPS , with an average grade 68.05. While the value of a minimum completeness criteria (KKM) IPS is 70. Among the students numbering 37 people only 15 students who reach KKM with 40.54% classical completeness. conducted aims to improve learning outcomes IPS IIIA grade students of SD State 187 Pekanbaru apply Examples of non Examples.Instrumen method of data collection in this thesis is the teacher and student activity sheets and learning outcomes. This thesis presents the results of learning derived from the value of daily tests before treatment with an average of 68.05, an increase in the first cycle with the average being 76.08. In the cycle II has increased by an average of 85.54. The activities of teachers in the learning process in the first cycle of 67.85% the first meeting, a second meeting increased to 78.57% and 82.14% at the third meeting. Second cycle of the first meeting and the second meeting of the 89.28% increase to 92.85% and the third meeting is increased from the first meeting and the second 96.42%. Results of the data analysis activities of students in the first cycle of the first meeting with an average of 64.28%, the second meeting increased to 78.57% and 82.14% third meeting. The first meeting of the second cycle with the average - average 85.71%, 92.85% the second meeting and the third meeting is increased to 96.42%. Results of the study in class IIIA SDN 187 Pekanbaru prove that the application of the method of non Examples Examples can improve learning outcomes IPS IIIA grade students of SD State187 Pekanbaru

Effects of beverage alcohol taxes and prices on drinking: a meta-analysis of 1003 estimates from 112 studies

Aims: We conducted a systematic review of studies examining relationships between measures of beverage alcohol tax or price levels and alcohol sales or self-reported drinking. A total of 112 studies of alcohol tax or price effects were found, containing 1003 estimates of the tax/price–consumption relationship. Design: Studies included analyses of alternative outcome measures, varying subgroups of the population, several statistical models, and using different units of analysis. Multiple estimates were coded from each study, along with numerous study characteristics. Using reported estimates, standard errors, t-ratios, sample sizes and other statistics, we calculated the partial correlation for the relationship between alcohol price or tax and sales or drinking measures for each major model or subgroup reported within each study. Random-effects models were used to combine studies for inverse variance weighted overall estimates of the magnitude and significance of the relationship between alcohol tax/price and drinking. Findings: Simple means of reported elasticities are -0.46 for beer, -0.69 for wine and -0.80 for spirits. Meta-analytical results document the highly significant relationships (P < 0.001) between alcohol tax or price measures and indices of sales or consumption of alcohol (aggregate-level r = -0.17 for beer, -0.30 for wine, -0.29 for spirits and -0.44 for total alcohol). Price/tax also affects heavy drinking significantly (mean reported elasticity = -0.28, individual-level r = -0.01, P < 0.01), but the magnitude of effect is smaller than effects on overall drinking. Conclusions: A large literature establishes that beverage alcohol prices and taxes are related inversely to drinking. Effects are large compared to other prevention policies and programs. Public policies that raise prices of alcohol are an effective means to reduce drinking

J.J. Thomson and “Hidden ” Momentum

The term “hidden momentum ” was introduced by Shockley [1] in 1967 to describe the small amount of net mechanical momentum that must exist in systems “at rest ” that have nonzero electromagnetic field momentum. 1 The classic example is a current loop (Ampèrian magnetic dipole) in an external static electric field (perhaps due to a single electric charge) [4, 5]. 2 This example had been considered by J.J. Thomson in 1904 [7, 8, 9], when he deduced via two different methods that the field momentum is (in Gaussian units) E × m PEM = , (1) c where the external electric field E is approximately uniform over the magnetic moment m (where m = IA/cfor a loop of area A with current I), and c is the speed of light in vacuum. 3,4 In this note we review Thomson’s various comments on electromagnetic field momentum, transcribing them from Maxwell’s vector-component notation [11, 12] into contemporary usage. 1 Radiation Pressure and the Momentum of Light Apparently, Kepler considered the pointing of comets ’ tails away from the Sun as evidence for radiation pressure of light [13]. After his unification of electricity, magnetism and light [11], Maxwell argued (sec. 792 of [12]) that the radiation pressure P of light is equal to its energy density u, P = u = D

Optimization of a Neutrino Factory: Discovery Machine versus Precision Instrument

We discuss the optimization of a neutrino factory experiment for the purpose of sin^2(2theta_13), mass hierarchy, and CP violation discoveries. This includes a review of possible optimization strategies, as well as an application of these to different sin^2(2theta_13) regions.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Talk given at the NuFact 07 conference, Aug 6-11, 2007, Okayama, Japa