Mycoplasma suis infection in suckling pigs on a Belgian farm

Mycoplasma suis (formerly known as Eperythrozoon suis) is an epicellular bacterium that affects porcine red blood cells. M. suis infections occur worldwide and are associated with weakness and anemia in suckling and weaned pigs, and reproductive disorders in sows. The present field report describes the detection of M. suis in anemic piglets originating from a Belgian farrow-to-finish herd. The herd was experiencing increased piglet mortality (16%) in the farrowing unit and had a high percentage of repeat breeders (22%). A control program using antimicrobials and hygienic and sanitary measures significantly decreased the number of clinically anemic piglets and the mortality rate in the farrowing unit. However, it did not have any significant influence on the reproductive failure of the farm. The lack of a significant effect on reproductive failure was probably due to the circulation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) on the farm

A study of the symbiotic relationship of hog cholera virus to Eperythrozoon suis infection

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1959 G4

Existence de l'anémie infectieuse féline (Eperythrozoonose du chat) à Madagascar

Un cas d'anémie infectieuse féline à Eperythrozoon felis Clark est signalé et décrit à Madagasca

Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Sheep Affected By Eperythrozoon Ovis

A cross-sectional study design was conducted to detect the eperythrozoonosis in Malaysia environment. Twenty-five sheep were randomly selected from which sixty-two blood samples were collected. Ethylene diamine tetracetic acid (EDTA), flouride and plain vacutainer tubes (Becton Dickinson, USA) were used to collect blood from the jugular vein of sheep. The fresh blood from EDTA was used to prepare thin blood smears, stained with Wright's stain and examined microscopically under x40 and xl00 magnification, to detect the presence of haemoparasites. The E. ovis scoring was determined as 0, positive 1, 2 and 3 to observe the severity of parasitaemia. The fresh blood was also used to determine haematology parameter tests such as white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), icterus index and plasma protein determination. Serum and plasma were also taken for clinical biochemistry parameter tests such as the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, serum gamma glutamyl transferase (yGT) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Plasma from the flouride tubes was used for the glucose test. All the data obtained from the sheep were analysed using a correlation test and ANOVA test. The study showed that WBC, RBC, haemoglobin, PCV, MCV, MCHC, icterus index and plasma protein were correlated with the different parasitaemia score. There was no significant difference (p< 0.05) in the haematology parameters of animals with different parasitaemia scores. However, a correlation analysis showed a correlation between the haematology parameters and parasitaemia at different times of infection. The WBC, RBC, haemoglobin, PCV and plasma protein parameters were negatively correlated with the parasitaemia after eight days of infection. The MCV was positively and MCHC was negatively correlated with parasitaemia after four days of infection. There was no significant difference in the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, yGT and BUN parameters of animals with different parasitaemia scores. But, triglyceride was significantly difference with different parasitaemia scores. However, a correlation analysis showed correlation between the clinical biochemistry parameters and parasitaemia at different times of infection. Glucose levels were negatively correlated with the parasitaemia after four days of infection. Cholesterol levels were negatively correlated with the parasitaemia after two days of infection. yGT and BUN were positively correlated after four days of infection. Triglyceride were negatively correlated after 10 days of infection. The clinical biochemistry parameters showed that the E. ovis activity on the RBC membrane did not affect the parameters studied. There was no significant difference in the erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) with different parasitaemia score. The mean EOF graph showed the same trend in all parasitaemia score. The haematology parameters such as RBC, haemoglobin, PCV, MCV and icterus index were positively correlated whereas the MCHC and plasma protein were negatively correlated with the EOF. Glucose, triglyceride and yGT levels were positively correlated whereas cholesterol and BUN levels were negatively correlated with the EOF. The histopathology changes in the spleen, liver and kidney were mild to moderate. It showed that extravascular haemolysis occurred in the E. ovis infection. In conclusion, the E. ovis detected in Malaysia did not greatly affect the haematology parameters, clinical biochemistry parameters and EOF. However, the effects of E. ovis infection were detected in spleen, liver and kidney. In conclusion, the E. ovis found in Malaysia was mildly pathogenic

Molecular diagnostics of swine infection caused by Mycoplasma suis

The presence of two types of haemoplasm can be established in the swine population. Pathogenic haemoplasm, named Mycoplasma suis (previously called Eperythrozoon suis) is the cause of swine eperythrozoonosis or swine ichtheroanaemia. The cause of this disease can also infect humans. The disease has spread all over the world. The most frequent form is latent infection of swine caused by M. suis. The disease is clinically manifest following action by the stress factor. The acute course of the disease is characterized by the occurrence of a febrile condition and ichtheroanaemia. The disease is usually diagnosed based on an epizootiological poll, a clinical examination, and a microscopic examination of a blood smear stained most often according to Giemsa. Contemporary methods of molecular biology have been developed, such as PCR, which are more sensitive and specific in making a diagnosis of swine infection caused by M. suis. In these investigations, the presence of M. suis on pig farms in the Republic of Serbia has been determined using the PCR test.

Note sur les Eperythrozoon des bovins à Madagascar

Les Eperythrozoon se sont montrés des parasites capricieux, difficiles à expérimenter. L'espèce E. teganodes Hoyte, 1962 est considérée comme valable. Quelques détails sont donnés sur la morphologie d'E. wenyoni et d'E. teganodes. Mention est faite d'un troisième type d'accès, dans lesquel les Eperythrozoon infestent exclusivement les thrombocytes. Le pourcentage de bovins infectés est élevé, et augmente avec l'âge. L'évolution des infections ne suit pas de règle; des rechutes peuvent être observées jusqu'à plus de 200 jours après l'infection, même sur des veaux non splénectomisés. Le mode de transmission naturelle reste inconnu; des infections spontanées se sont produites en l'absence de tiques, de poux et de puces. Les deux parasites peuvent causer de la fièvre et de l'anémie, même sur des animaux non splénectomisés, mais la maladie n'a jamais été mortelle. Des 10 produits expérimentés, seuls la neoarsphénamine et le Spirotrypan se sont montrés actifs, mais ne semblent pas stériliser les animaux de l'infectio

C676

Donald E. Mock, Lice, mange and other swine insect problems, Kansas State University, May 1997

Immunodeficiencies caused by infectious diseases.

Immunodeficiencies caused by infectious agents may result from disruption of normal host barriers or dysregulation of cellular immunity, the latter serving to promote survival of the infectious agent through immune evasion. Such infections may be followed by opportunistic infections with a variety of other microorganisms. Classic infectious causes of immunodeficiency in companion animals are the immunodeficiency retroviruses, including feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus. Other important causes include canine distemper virus; canine parvovirus 2; feline infectious peritonitis virus; rickettsial organisms that infect leukocytes; Leishmania; and fungal pathogens, such as Cryptococcus. Considerable research effort has been invested in understanding the mechanisms of pathogen-induced immunosuppression, with the hope that effective therapies may be developed that reverse the immunodeficiencies developed and in turn assist the host to clear persistent or life-threatening infectious diseases