Management of Primary Obstructive Megaureter by Endoscopic High-Pressure Balloon Dilatation. IDEAL Framework Model as a New Tool for Systematic Review

Introduction: Therapeutic management of primary obstructive megaureter (POM) requiring surgery has been under debate for the last 15 years especially regarding the outcomes of endoscopic techniques compared to most traditional approaches. This review aims to analyze endoscopic High-Pressure Balloon Dilatation (HPBD) using the IDEAL model, a five-stage framework that describes surgical innovations (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long-term Study) and provides recommendations for a rigorous stepwise surgical research pathway. This model has been developed and demonstrated its value in evaluating surgical innovations assessing data quality and providing relevant information for the optimal design and feasibility of research in surgery.Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the published series of endoscopic HPBD in patients with POM was done using the IDEAL model as a tool to assess evidence quality. Reported clinical outcomes are also analyzed and reviewed.Results: The analysis of the results of the systematic assessment of the reported cohort of patients treated with HPBD for POM that the technique up to date is in stage 2a and stage 2b, or development. Evidence quality among the reported cohorts of patients with POM treated with HPBD is adequate, although systematization and standardization should be improved. Clinical outcomes of HPBD in the management of POM consistently show a 87.7% success rate with a negligible operative complication rate once “learning curve” has been surpassed. Symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the main reason for ureteric reimplantation, but asymptomatic VUR does not seem to influence clinical outcome.Conclusions: The IDEAL framework and recommendations have allowed a systematic analysis of the evidence quality of the reported experience in the management of children with POM with HPBD of the vesicoureteral junction. The available evidence demonstrates that HPBD is an effective treatment for patients with POM, with a long-term success rate of 87.7% with very low morbidity. Future research mandates a standardization of data reporting, “ideally” following IDEAL recommendations, that would be required for any intervention and facilitate comparative analysis

Endoscopic dilatation/incision of primary obstructive megaureter. A systematic review. On behalf of the EAU paediatric urology guidelines panel

Introduction: Historically, ureteral reimplantation (UR) has been the gold standard for treatment of primary obstructive megaureter (POM) with declining renal function, worsening obstruction, or recurrent urinary tract infections. In infants, open surgery with reimplantation of a grossly dilated ureter into a small bladder, can be technically challenging with significant morbidity. Therefore, less invasive endoscopic management such as dilatation or incision of the ureter–vesical junction, has emerged as an alternative to reimplantation during the last decades. Objective: To systematically evaluate the effectivity, safety, and potential benefits of endoscopic treatment (dilatation with or without balloon or incision) of POM in comparison to UR. Study design: A systematic review was conducted. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), nonrandomized comparative studies (NRSs), and single-arm case series including a minimum of 20 participants and a mean follow-up more than 12 months were eligible for inclusion. Results: Of 504 articles identified, 8 articles including 338 patients were eligible for inclusion (0 RCTs, 1 NRSs, and 7 case series). Age at time of surgery was minimum 15 days to a maximum of 192 months. Indications for endoscopic treatment (ET) included patients with loss of split renal function (&gt;10%) and worsening of hydroureteronephrosis. The studies analysed reported a success rate ranging from 35% to 97%. Success was defined as stabilization of differential renal function without further procedures. A post-operative complication rate of 23–60% was reported (mostly transient haematuria, urinary tract infections and stent migration or intolerance). In 14% of the cases salvage UR following initial ET, was performed due to relapse of symptomatic POM. Conclusion: Endoscopic treatment for persistent or progressive POM in children is a minimally invasive alternative to UR with a long-term modest success rate. Additionally, it can be performed within a wide age span, with equal success rate and complication rates.</p