Measuring Human Capital in Educaction

We consider education as a number of multistage creative processes and analyse one of them - teaching knowledge (process P1) - in detail. In part 1 we describe the idea of Virtual Production Line (VPL), introduced by Walukiewicz in 2006 as an extension of Classical Production Line (CPL), an epitome of our perception of Henry Ford's assembly line. Teachers connected by modern ICT network (in most cases it will just be the Internet) provide education to students on a VPL - kind of a virtual belt - instructing a given set of subjects (tasks) in a prescribed sequence, offering knowledge by a prescribed methodology, etc. In contrast to CPL, teachers on VPL will use their brain power mostly and divide the teaching process into a number of tasks in what we will call ‘self-organization of VPL'. In that perspective, VPL shall be defined as a conscious experience of a division of labour into tasks (self-organization) via the Internet, while CPL will just remain a partition of labour into a fixed number of jobs (tasks). In part 2 we introduce the value of human capital of a given student as a measure of P1 efficiency and compare it with the indicators used so far. In Poland the problem is that, different skills of students are not measured within one, integrated system. We propose a solution to this problem. Field study results are furnished. In conclusion, we formulate suggestions for further research

Work to Live or Live to Work? Unemployment, Happiness, and Culture

Happiness drops when individuals become unemployed. The negative impact of the unemployment shock, however, may differ by cultural background. To test the hypothesis of a 'Teutonic work ethic', this paper takes advantage of Switzerland in its cultural diversity. By comparing different cultural groups in the same institutional setting, I empirically test whether such deep psychological traits have an influence on how unemployment is perceived. It is found that unemployment has a significantly negative effect on life satisfaction in Switzerland. I furthermore present evidence which confirms to some extent the hypothesis that Swiss German individuals suffer more from unemployment, although for the most part, these results are without statistical significance. Swiss Germans are additionally found to be happier than their French-speaking compatriots – independent of whether they are unemployed. This difference between Romanic and Germanic cultural backgrounds is in line with previous findings, but deserves further research attention.life satisfaction, unemployment, cultural differences, Switzerland

Національна рамка кваліфікацій: порівняльний аналіз досвіду України та Польщі

У статті актуалізовано проблему розробки Національної рамки кваліфікацій як ключового інструменту, що забезпечує прозорість реалізації сучасних освітніх реформ вищої школи. У зазначеному контексті подано порівняльний аналіз досвіду Польщі та України. Окреслено ключові кроки розробки Польської національної рамки кваліфікацій та суспільні очікування від її упровадження в Україні з позицій європейської освітньої політик

What is the impact of duplicate coverage on the demand for health care in Germany?

Duplicate coverage involves those individuals who hold public health insurance, and purchase additional private coverage. Using data from the German Institute for Economic Research, we try to investigate the impact of duplicate coverage on the demand for healthcare (measured in number of visits to doctors). Given the simultaneity of the choices to take out additional private health insurance coverage, we estimate a negative binomial model to measure this impact. We also estimate a a Full Information Maximun Loglikelihood (FIML), known as Endogenous Switching Poisson Count Model and we compare these results with the standard maximum log likelihood (ML) estimators of the negative binomial model. The Results show that, there is a positive difference on the level of health services demanded when there is a duplicate coverage. We found also that there is evidence to think that in Germany there is a feedback between duplicate coverage and the demand of health services.Health care services demand, health insurance

Spartan Daily, May 22, 1934

Volume 22, Issue 130https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/2166/thumbnail.jp

Population ageing, inequality and the political economy of public education

Population ageing has triggered concerns about the sustainability of public systems of education. The empirical evidence is still inconclusive, whereas some theoretical results present a somewhat optimistic view (Gradstein and Kaganovich, 2004; Levy, 2005). The present note re-examines the political economy of public education in an ageing society, using the classical median voter model. The normative analysis shows that elderly households introduce distortions that render political outcomes inefficient except in rare circumstances. It is then explained that the interplay among the political and financial consequences of ageing gives rise to a non-linear, and possibly non-monotonic (inverted-U shaped) relationship between spending per pupil and the share of childless households in the population. Income inequality is shown to play a crucial role of in the process, revealing that ageing has a stronger tendency towards underprovision in economies with high inequality. The implications for the empirical literature are discussed.population ageing; income inequality; median voter model; public education

A ciência e a tecnologia para os estudantes brasileiros : percepções

Nos anos de 2010 e 2011 realizamos uma pesquisa nacional para verificar as percepções dos estudantes brasileiros sobre temas relacionados à ciência e tecnologia. Esta investigação buscou averiguar como os jovens em idade escolar (Ensino Médio) percebem a ciência e a tecnologia em suas vidas, considerando-se que estas percepções têm influencia na formação dos conceitos científicos escolares e na forma como os jovens relacionam-se com a ciência (Teoria Sociocultural de Vygotsky). Os resultados obtidos em análises qualitativas e quantitativas demonstram percepções ligadas a Mídia, tendo pouca influencia escolar. Assim é necessário que a escola valorize as percepções trazidas pelos estudantes para a formação conceitual destes, possibilitando também uma melhor visão de ciência e tecnologia