Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kualitas Bakteriologis Sumur Gali di Kelurahan Jatibarang Kecamatan Mijen Kota Semarang

Air penting bagi kehidupan, kebutuahn manusia akan air sangat kompleks antara lain untuk keperluan minum, masak, mandi dan mencuci. Persyaratan kualitas air di atur dalam peraturan pemerintah RI nomor 82 tahun 2001 tentang pengelolaan kualitas air dan pengendalian pencemaran air. Kelurahan Jatibarang sebagai salah satu Kelurahan di Kecamatan Mijen mempunyai jumlah penduduk, karakteristik lokasi dan kondisi pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih khususnya kondisi sarana yang digunakan untuk keperluan rumah tangga belum memenuhi syarat kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu ingin mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kualitas bakteriologis sumur gali. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Explanatory Research dengan pendekatan Cross sectional Study. Populasi sebesar 220 unit sumur gali dengan sampel sebanyak 48 unit sumur gali. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah Purposive Sampling. Analisa statistik menggunakan uji Chi Square dengan derajat kemaknaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sumur gali dengan resiko pencemaran rendah 2 unit, sedang 13 unit, tinggi 23 unit dan amat tinggi 10 unit dengan kandungan bakteriologis antara 240/100 ml sampel hingga lebih dari 2.400/100 ml sampel air. Analisa statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kondisi fisik sumur gali serta konstruksi jamban dengan kualitas bakteriologis air sumur gali. Tidak ada hubungan antara jarak sumur gali dengan jamban, jarak sumur dengan SPAL,praktik pemakaian sumur gali dengan kualitas bakteriologis air sumur gali. Kata Kunci: Sumur gali, Bakteriologis, Jamban, SPAL 25 buah, 1984 - 2002 Factors related with the bacteriological Quality of Dug well in Jatibarang Village, Mijen Subdistrict Semarang City A water is important for life, the human's necessity of water is very complex, namely for drinking, cooking, taking a bath, washing. The requirement of water quality is arranged is the governmental rules of Indonesia Republic No. 82/2001 about the manajement of water quality and the control of water pollution. Jatibarang village as one of village in Mijen Subdistrict has the population, location characteristict and fulfillment condition of clean water needs espicially the means condition used for household's need have not fulfilled the health requirement yet. The aim of the research is to know the factors related with the bacteriological quality of dug well. The methode used in this research was explanatory research with the approach of crossectional study. The population was in the amount of 220 units dug well with the samples were in the amount of 48 units of dug well. The sampling tecnique used for purposive sampling. The statistical analysis used X2 test with the degree of significancy is 95%. The result of research indicate that the dug well with low pollution risk is 2 units, medium is 13 units, high is 23 units, and very high is 10 units with the amount bacteriologycal is between 240/100 ml until >2400/100 ml of water sample. The statistical analysis indicate that there is a correlation between the physical condition of dug well and the privy construction with the water bacteriologycal quality of dug well. There is no correlation between the distant of dug well and the privy, well's distant with SPAL, the practice of dug well using with the water bacteriologycal quality of dug well. Keyword : Dug well, bacteriologycall, privy, SPA

Technological status and development prospects of small-scale fishing crafts in Nigerian coastal water

A study of fishing crafts was conducted in some coastal states of Nigeria to elucidate findings on the existing crafts as the baseline for further developments. Based on the technical designs, three types of fishing crafts were identified; planked, dug-out and half dug-out canoes. The planked canoes have the largest cubic number and dug-out canoes the least. At loadwater line, the ratio of freeboard to draft was 2 : 1 for planked canoes, indicating reserved buoyancy. Trim of planked canoe is by stern; the beam-length ratio for dug-out canoes showed high drag. Most of the sea-going canoes have U-shaped bottom hull profile capable of withstanding the rigours of surf landing and displayed good stability against longitudinal water wave. Gunwale and thwarts provided respectively the longitudinal and transverse strength of planked and half dug-out canoes. With its characteristics 'weight low down' construction, planked canoe represent the climax of small scale fishing crafts developments in Nigerian coastal waters. It's only draw back is durability. Further improvement in this canoe should be aimed at increasing the hull size and stiffness, water tightness of deck by coating, caulking, fastening, increasing level of motorization and installation of deck working equipments. Experimental design and use of fibre glass, aluminium and ferrocement hulls, together with improved planked canoe is highly advocate

Survei Keberadaan Jentik Nyamuk Aedes Spp pada Sumur Gali Milik Warga di Kelurahan Bulusan Kota Semarang (Studi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rowosari Semarang)

Dengue Heamoragic Fever (DHF) is one of the infectious diseases are still a priority health problems. In 2010 sub-districts Tembalang is the high endemis area. In Kelurahan of Bulusan majority of people use dug wells as a source of Tembalang springs residents, dug wells suspected of potensial as a breeding place Aedes spp mosquito. This study aims to identify the presence of Aedes spp mosquito larvae on dug wells use a funnel trap modified methods in Kelurahan of Bulusan town Tembalang Semarang.This research is descriptive research survey method approach with cross sectional. Sample of research at 35 dug wells in dengue endemic areas Kelurahan Bulusan RW01. Data analysis was done using univariate. The research results showed six positive wells or by 17% contained of larvae from 35 samples dug wells check that. From dug wells positive found by 18 larvae, they are 16 larvae and 2 pupae. Types of mosquito Aedes albopictus is found. The existance of larvae in dug wells tends to be on the outside in an open condition and near garden. There is one positive dug wells located indoor house. It concluded that the dug wells in Kelurahan Bulusan can be bredding place of Aedes spp . Suggestion for people in Kelurahan Bulusan for closed the open dug wells so mosquito cannt be enter the dug wells

A Shovel With a Perforated Blade Reduces Energy Expenditure Required for Digging Wet Clay

Objective: A shovel with a blade perforated with small holes was tested to see whether a worker would use less whole-body energy to dig wet clay than with a shovel with an opaque blade. Background: A perforated shovel is hypothesized to require less whole-body energy on the basis of adhesion theory; a smaller surface area would require less physical effort to dig and release soil from the blade. Method: The study involved 13 workers from an electric utility who dug wet clay with two 1.5-m long-handled point shovels, which differed only in blade design (perforated and opaque). Oxygen consumption was measured with a portable system while each worker dug wet clay at a self-regulated pace for 10 min. Results: There was no significant difference in number of scoops dug during the 10-min sessions, but workers dug 9.5% more weight of clay with the perforated shovel than with the conventional shovel (404 kg vs. 369 kg, respectively). Furthermore, stable oxygen uptake normalized to weight of participant and to the weight of clay dug revealed that participants expended 11.7% less relative energy per kilogram of clay dug with the perforated shovel. Conclusion: A point shovel with a perforated blade is recommended for digging and shoveling wet clay. However, the extra weight that workers chose to dig with the perforated shovel may increase the loading on the spine and may offset the metabolic advantages. Application: Manual shoveling is a common task, and workers may experience less whole-body and muscle fatigue when using a perforated shovel

Analisis Kandungan Pb pada Air Sumur Gali Masyarakat di Sekitar Tempat Penimbunan Limbah Padat Industri Timah dari Daur Ulang Aki Bekas Desa Sei Rotan Kecamatan Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang Tahun 2012

Analysis of lead containing in the dug wells' water of communities around of the solid waste dumping of lead insdustry from battery recycling. Dug wells were the most common means used by the people as a major source of clean water. The groundwater quality degradation is characterized by the presence of some pollutants such as lead that can be derived from leaching of hazardous materials, such as ex-storage batteries and ex-inner batteries. The design was descriptive research. It described that the dug well's construction, lead containing in the water of dug well and the condition of solid waste dumping of lead industry from battery recycling. The samples of dug wells water were taken from 5 spots distance from waste dumping location, they were 25 metres, 50 metres, 100 metres, 150 metres, and 200 metres. Each spots was choosen 2 dug wells so that totals samples are 10. This research had done in Sei Rotan Village Percut Sei Tuan District Deli Serdang Regency 2012. The result of the research showed that none were met with health requirements. The results of the laboratory examination found the all of dug well water samples that lead containing exceed the quality standards established by the Decree of Permenkes No. 416 / Minister / Per / IX / 1990 figure of 0.05 mg / L. It is recommended that, the participation of community and role of government was needed to improve public knowledge about the pollution of lead industry from battery recycling and the physical construction of dug well through training, extension and renovation of the water supply facilities in order to obtain clean water that meets health requirements

Male Behavior in \u3ci\u3eEvagetes Subangulatus\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Males of Evagetes subangulatus patrolled primarily among shrubs in an area where females dug in soil. Twenty-nine individually-marked males were seen from 0 to 16 days after marking. They shared a home range space of about 400 m3. Although they did not exhibit territoriality, they chased and pounced upon one another and upon unmarked, conspecific males and females

Logological Poetry: An Editorial

It was Dmitri Borgmann who put the word logology into circulation. Before Language on Vacation, his first book, was published, he wrote to me: I don\u27t believe the word \u27logology\u27 has ever appeared in a book devoted to words or puzzles. I dug it out of the unabridged Oxford while searching for a suitable name for my activity

DUG User Guide. Version 2.1

This user guide accompanies the DUG tool which is a public tool for applying the “Degree of urbanisation” (DEGURBA) model at one kilometer grid. DUG stands for Degree of Urbanisation Grid. It has been developed in the frame of the “Global Human Settlement Layer” (GHSL) project of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, with the overall objective to support the DEGURBA activities. The tool builds on the GHS SMOD model that implements settlement model classifier at 1 km grid. The tool uses population and built-up grids as input data, and optionally a water mask. It has been developed and tested using GHS P2016 datasets ; however other grids can be used on user responsibility. This user guide is a comprehensive guide to all aspects of using the DUG tool. It includes instructions for the set-up of the software, the use of the tool and the manipulation of the data. It presents briefly the basic principles and background information on the methodology and its implementation. Some guidelines on the parametrization are also provided.JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Managemen