A "core-complex-type structure" formed by superposed ductile and brittle extension followed by folding and high-angle normal faulting. The Santi Petri dome (western Betics, Spain)

The Santi Petri dome (western Betics, southern Spain) shows a core-complex-like structure, where migmatitic gneisses and schists outcrop below low-grade slates and phyllites, all of which form the basement of the Neogene Málaga basin. The migmatites and schists suffered a coaxial-flattening event during isothermal decompression and were later exhumed by ductile ESE non-coaxial stretching. Further exhumation was achieved by W- to SW-transport brittle low-angle normal faulting. Subsequently these extensional structures were gently folded in the core of a NE/SW-oriented antiform during the Tortonian. Finally the Santi Petri domal geometry was accentuated by the interference of orthogonal high-angle faults with ENE–WSW and NNW–SSE orientation. This core-complex-like structure, formed by superposition of extensional and compressive tectonic events, does not represent a classical, purely extensional core complex, which shows that metamorphic structure and geometry are not decisive criteria to define a core-complex

Le volcan Mojanda (Equateur) : deux appareils contemporains aux dynamismes éruptifs, développements et caractères géochimiques différents

Deux centres volcaniques majeurs (Mojanda et Fuya Fuya) constituent ce qui était considéré comme le volcan Mojanda. Après la construction de volcans de base essentiellement laviques, les développements et dynamismes éruptifs de ces deux appareils contemporains diffèrent. Au Mojanda, un nouveau cône est formé par des coulées et des tephra basiques. Au Fuya-Fuya, l'activité est constamment en relation avec un magmatisme acide : deux cycles commençant chacun par une éruption plinienne cataclysmale rhyolitique et se poursuivant par une activité des dômes y sont remarquables. Ils sont suivis par un gigantesque évènement de type St Helens, dont la caldera d'avalanche est ensuite occupée par un dernier complexe de dômes, encore actif à l'Holocène. Ces deux terminaux de développement sont en relation avec deux lignées magmatiques aux signatures géochimiques différentes. (Résumé d'auteur

Competing charge, spin, and superconducting orders in underdoped YBa2Cu3Oy

To explore the doping dependence of the recently discovered charge density wave (CDW) order in YBa2Cu3Oy, we present a bulk-sensitive high-energy x-ray study for several oxygen concentrations, including strongly underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.44. Combined with previous data around the so-called 1/8 doping, we show that bulk CDW order exists at least for hole concentrations (p) in the CuO2 planes of 0.078 <~ p <~ 0.132. This implies that CDW order exists in close vicinity to the quantum critical point for spin density wave (SDW) order. In contrast to the pseudogap temperature T*, the onset temperature of CDW order decreases with underdoping to T_CDW ~ 90K in YBa2Cu3O6.44. Together with a weakened order parameter this suggests a competition between CDW and SDW orders. In addition, the CDW order in YBa2Cu3O6.44 shows the same type of competition with superconductivity as a function of temperature and magnetic field as samples closer to p = 1/8. At low p the CDW incommensurability continues the previously reported linear increasing trend with underdoping. In the entire doping range the in-plane correlation length of the CDW order in b-axis direction depends only very weakly on the hole concentration, and appears independent of the type and correlation length of the oxygen-chain order. The onset temperature of the CDW order is remarkably close to a temperature T^\dagger that marks the maximum of 1/(T_1T) in planar 63^Cu NQR/NMR experiments, potentially indicating a response of the spin dynamics to the formation of the CDW. Our discussion of these findings includes a detailed comparison to the charge stripe order in La2-xBaxCuO4.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Syntectonic crustal melting and high-grade metamorphism in a transpressional regime, Variscan Massif Central, France

Hot collisional orogens are characterized by abundant syn-kinematic granitic magmatism that profoundly affects their tectono-thermal evolutions. Voluminous granitic magmas, emplaced between 360 and 270 Ma, played a visibly important role in the evolution of the Variscan Orogen. In the Limousin region (western Massif Central, France), syntectonic granite plutons are spatially associated with major strike-slip shear zones that merge to the northwest with the South Armorican Shear Zone. This region allowed us to assess the role of magmatism in a hot transpressional orogen. Microstructural data and U/Pb zircon and monazite ages from a mylonitic leucogranite indicate synkinematic emplacement in a dextral transpressional shear zone at 313 ± 4 Ma. Leucogranites are coeval with cordierite-bearing migmatitic gneisses and vertical lenses of leucosome in strike-slip shear zones. We interpret U/Pb monazite ages of 315 ± 4 Ma for the gneisses and 316 ± 2 Ma for the leucosomes as the minimum age of high-grade metamorphism and migmatization respectively. These data suggest a spatial and temporal relationship between transpression, crustal melting, rapid exhumation and magma ascent, and cooling of high-grade metamorphic rocks. Some granites emplaced in the strike-slip shear zone are bounded at their roof by low dip normal faults that strike N-S, perpendicular to the E-W trend of the belt. The abundant crustal magmatism provided a low-viscosity zone that enhanced Variscan orogenic collapse during continued transpression, inducing the development of normal faults in the transpression zone and thrust faults at the front of the collapsed orogen. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Extension, diapirisme et compression en Tunisie centrale : le jebel Es Souda

Le jebel Es Souda est un brachianticlinal, au sein de l'Atlas de Tunisie centrale. Sa structure originale est la résultante d'une tectogenèse compressive polyphasée d'âge mio-plio-quaternaire, superposée à un bombement diapirique, ayant eu lieu au cours du Crétac

Late orogenic carboniferous extensions in the Variscan French Massif Central

International audienceThe Variscan French Massif Central experienced two successive stages of extension from Middle Carboniferous to Early Permian. In the northern Massif Central, the first stage began in the late Visean, immediately after nappe stacking, and is well recorded by Namurian-Westphalian synkinematic plutonism. The Middle Carboniferous leucogranites widespread in the NW Massif Central (Limousin and Sioule area) were emplaced within a crust extending along a NE-SW direction. At the same time, the hanging wall or "Guéret extensional allochton" moved toward the SE. Several examples of the synextensional plutonism are also recognized in central Limousin: Saint Mathieu dome, La Porcherie, and Cornil leucogranites. These examples illustrate the relationship between granite emplacement and crustal scale deformation characterized by NW-SE stretching and NE-SW shortening. In the central and southern Massif Central (Cévennes, Châtaigneraie, and Margeride areas), plutonism is dominantly granodioritic and exhibits the same structural features: NW-SE maximum stretching and overturning to the SE. Middle Carboniferous (Namurian-Westphalian) extension was parallel to the Variscan belt both in the Massif Central and southern Armorican area. This extensional regime was active from the late Visean in the north, while compression dominated in the southernmost domains (Montagne Noire and Pyrenées). The second extensional stage occurred from Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. This event was responsible for the opening of intramontane coal basins, brittle deformation in the upper crust, and ductile normal faulting localized on the margin of cordierite granite-migmatite domes. Data from the coal basins show that the half-graben is the dominant structural style, except for basins located along submeridianal left-lateral faults which have pull-apart geometries. Late Carboniferous extension occurred along the NE-SW direction. The NE-SW maximum stretching direction can be found in the whole Massif Central but is more developed in the eastern part. The extensional direction is transverse to the general trend of the belt, and top-to-the-NE shearing is dominant. Correlations of these two extension directions with neighboring Variscan massifs are discussed

Géochronologie revisitée du dôme du Léon (Massif armoricain, France)

National audienceDe nouvelles datations réalisées sur les principaux ensembles granitiques et métamorphiques du Léon permettent de préciser l'histoire de ce domaine de la chaîne hercynienne. Dans les domaines métamorphiques, les trois âges obtenus sur des zircons des orthogneiss granodioritiques de Brest s'échelonnent de 529 à 504 Ma, confirmant le caractère polyphasé de ce complexe orthodérivé cambrien. Dans l'unité autochtone, l'âge dévonien inférieur (385 - 391 Ma) des orthogneiss de Plounévez-Lochrist est confirmé par une nouvelle datation U-Pb sur zircon réalisée dans l'ensemble oriental. Dans les unités allochtones du Nord, les monazites du complexe migmatitique de Plouguerneau livrent un âge de 331 ± 7 Ma, interprété comme celui de la migmatitisation et conforme à celui proposé récemment par Faure et al. (335 - 327 Ma). L'âge des événements magmatiques hercyniens a également été précisé. Le granite porphyroïde de Kersaint se confirme comme le plus ancien du Léon avec un âge sur monazite de 331 ± 4 Ma. Cependant, les nouvelles datations réalisées montrent que les granites léonards sont essentiellement stéphaniens. Le granite porphyroïde rose de Guissény, satellite du granite de l'Aber-Ildut, est ainsi daté par U-Pb sur zircons à 301,4 ± 4,3 Ma. La monzodiorite de Plounévez-Lochrist, satellite mafique du grand massif de Brignogan-Plouescat, donne un âge de 296 ± 3 Ma, cohérent avec celui de 292 ± 15 Ma obtenu par Rb/Sr sur le monzogranite de Brignogan-Plouescat. Le leucogranite à tourmaline de Sainte-Catherine, considéré comme tardif par son allure en dykes sécants, est en fait également stéphanien ; le faciès le plus répandu est daté à 302,7 ± 0,3 Ma, le faciès sécant plus tardif riche en tourmaline à 301,5 ± 0,3 Ma (Ar-Ar sur muscovites). L'âge obtenu sur la mylonite formée aux dépens du leucogranite de Kernilis (292,5 ± 2,7 Ma par Ar-Ar sur muscovite) correspond vraisemblablement au jeu de l'accident mylonitique de Porspoder. Les granitisations du Léon débutent donc immédiatement après le pic métamorphique hercynien, comme dans le Massif central. La principale période de granitisation du Léon s'effectue cependant au Stéphanien, c'est-à-dire de la fin de l'extension syn-collisionnelle (300-310 Ma) à la fin de l'extension post-collisionnelle (post-300 Ma)