Trace metal accumulation in marine macrophytes: Hotspots of coastal contamination worldwide

This study quantifies the concentration of trace metals in coastal marine macrophytes (seagrasses, Chlorophytae, Phaeophytae and Rhodophytae). We do so by compiling, from 155 peer review research articles, almost 23,000 estimates of trace metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) contents in natural populations of marine macroalgae and seagrasses distributed worldwide. The objective was to explore the global distribution of concentrations of these metals in marine macrophytes, provide an estimate of their average and range in its tissues and to identify hotspots of coastal pollution. Our results reveal Phaeophytae as the group with the largest accumulation capacity and tolerance to elevated concentrations of metals regardless the species and the location. The mapping of geographic distribution of metal accumulation in marine macrophytes identifies some coastal areas as hotspots of trace metal contamination, where concentrations could reach levels up to 600 times higher than the mean.This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (EDASE - CGL2008-00047/BTE). Authors thank M. Martínez-Soto, G. Basterretxea and A. Massanet for their assistance. D.S.-Q. was supported by the JAE-predoc program of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC).Peer reviewe