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The Economic Impact of High-Growth Startups
With labels like "gazelles," "cheetahs" and "unicorns," high-growth firms are a rare phenomenon in entrepreneurship that have a big impact on the economy. According to a new Entrepreneurship Policy Digest released today by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, given their outsized contributions to the economy, it is important to understand high-growth firms and how their impacts are measured.The Digest highlights findings from the Kauffman Index of Growth Entrepreneurship, including the top 40 metro area high-growth business rankings, and these national trends: Growth entrepreneurship is increasing, though not at historic highs High-growth average employment growth rose High-tech is not a pre-requisite for high-growth; other sectors are growing too The number of high-growth firms varies within industries from year to yearHigh-growth firms expand to numerous locations and encourage employment growth, accounting for as much as 50 percent of new jobs created. The Policy Digest explains how defining high-growth businesses using firm attributes – venture capital funding and participation in accelerators – will capture different results than defining them by business performance metrics – revenue growth, employment and exits.The Digest recommends these strategies to encourage an environment for growth entrepreneurship: Increase college completion rates Welcome and retain immigrant entrepreneurs Limit non-compete agreement
The substrate in peptic synthesis of protein
Experiments are described in which it was observed that the yield of protein that can be synthesized by pepsin from a given peptic digest is highest when the hydrolyzing action of the pepsin is stopped as soon as all the protein has disappeared from the solution; and that the longer the digest is permitted to contain active enzyme the more the yield diminishes.
2. Exposure of the digest to a hydrogen ion concentration of pH 1.6 in the absence of active enzyme, does not cause a diminution in the amount of protein which can be synthesized from that digest.
3. Synthesis can be effected also in concentrated solutions of isolated fractions of a peptic digest, i.e. of proteose and of peptone. The yields are approximately the same as in similar concentrations of the whole digest, though the proteins so synthesized differ in some respects from those obtained from the whole digest.
4. The cessation of synthesis in any one digest is due to the attainment of equilibrium and not to the complete utilization of available synthesizeable material. The amount of the equilibrium yield, on the other hand, is dependent on the amount of synthesizeable material in the digest.
5. These observations are taken to show that the synthesizeability of a given mixture of protein cleavage products by pepsin depends upon its possession of a special complex in these products. This complex appears as a result of the primary hydrolysis of the protein molecule by pepsin and is decomposed in the slow secondary hydrolysis which ensues as digestion is prolonged
Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin, September 1958
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