Krisis Pembangunan dan Teori Pembangunan

Analisis terhadap pembangunan yang dilakukan oleh negara sedang berkembang dewasa ini, perhatian tidak dapat terlepas dari dua agenda yang mendasar. Pertama, adalah masalah terjadinya krisis pembangunan di dunia ketiga sebutan populer untuk negara sedang berkembang untuk membedakan dengan dua kelompok yang lain, dunia pertama untuk negara-negara kapitalis maju dan dunia kedua untuk kelompok negara sosialis (Eropa Timur)

A system of mobile agents to model social networks

We propose a model of mobile agents to construct social networks, based on a system of moving particles by keeping track of the collisions during their permanence in the system. We reproduce not only the degree distribution, clustering coefficient and shortest path length of a large data base of empirical friendship networks recently collected, but also some features related with their community structure. The model is completely characterized by the collision rate and above a critical collision rate we find the emergence of a giant cluster in the universality class of two-dimensional percolation. Moreover, we propose possible schemes to reproduce other networks of particular social contacts, namely sexual contacts.Comment: Phys. Rev. Lett. (in press

Strategi Komunikasi Untuk Pengembangan Kawasan Desa Wisata (Studi Kasus Implementasi Strategi Komunikasi Pemerintah Kabupaten Sragen Untuk Membangun Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Program Pengembangan Kawasan Desa Wisata Pertanian Organik Betisrejo Sragen)

JOHNY ADHI ARYAWAN. S 220905003. 2013. Strategi Komunikasi Untuk Pengembangan Kawasan Desa Wisata (Studi Kasus Implementasi Strategi Komunikasi Pemerintah Kabupaten Sragen Untuk Membangun Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Program Pengembangan Kawasan Desa Wisata Pertanian Organik Betisrejo Sragen). Pembimbing I: Prof. Drs. Totok Sarsito, S.U., M.A., Ph.D., Pembimbing II: Sri Hastjarjo, S.Sos., Ph.D. Tesis: Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi, Minat Utama Riset dan Pengembangan Teori Komunikasi, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Latar belakang dari dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah mulai diminatinya pariwisata pedesaan sebagai strategi alternatif untuk membangun kawasan pedesaan. Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif (Kemenparekraf) pun telah mencanangkan target terwujudnya 2000 desa wisata di seluruh Indonesia pada tahun 2014 nanti (www.budpar.go.id, 7 Nopember 2011). Ketertarikan tersebut dikarenakan pariwisata pedesaan diimplementasikan dengan mendorong kegiatan di luar sektor pertanian, sehingga diyakni mampu menciptakan diversifikasi kegiatan perekonomian di desa. Adapun bentuk implementasi pariwisata pedesaan tersebut, terbanyak adalah dalam format desa wisata. Atas dasar asumsi tersebut dan juga kisah sukses sejumlah desa wisata di tanah air membuat banyak pemerintah daerah di Indonesia tertarik untuk menerapkan program pariwisata pedesaan. Pemerintah Kabupaten (Pemkab) Sragen pada awal tahun 2012 mencanangkan Program Pengembangan Desa Wisata Pertanian Organik Betisrejo. Program tersebut mencakup Desa Jambeyan, Jetis, dan Sukorejo di Kecamatan Sambirejo. Kegiatan pengembangan desa wisata itu tentu melibatkan aktivitas komunikasi antara pemerintah dan warga desa. Pemerintah yang berada di sisi komunikator berkepentingan agar warga memiliki persepsi, dukungan, dan partisipasi positif terhadap program pengembangan desa wisata. Namun, respon komunikasi dari warga desa terhadap program yang dicanangkan turut dipengaruhi oleh bagaimana pemerintah mengkomunikasikan program tersebut dengan cara-cara yang tepat. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan strategi komunikasi Pemkab Sragen serta persepsi dan partisipasi warga desa Jambeyan, Jetis, dan Sukorejo terhadap pengembangan Desa Wisata Pertanian Organik Betisrejo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi partisipatif (langsung) berperan penuh. Penulis terlibat aktif di dalam penelitian, baik sebagai peneliti maupun sebagai pegawai Pemerintah Kabupaten Sragen yang ditugaskan menjadi fasilitator program pengembangan desa wisata. Informan sebagai sumber data penelitian dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik cuplikan Purposive Sampling. Peneliti memilih informan tertentu yang dianggap mengetahui informasi dan permasalahan secara mendalam sehingga dapat dipercaya, serta memilih aktivitas tertentu yang diyakini peneliti dapatmenjadi sumber data yang mantap. Pemilihan sumber data dalam penelitian kualitatif, dilakukan bukan atas dasar keterwakilan populasi tapi lebih pada pertimbangan keterwakilan informasi (Sutopo, 2002). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas komunikasi oleh komunikator terkait program pengembangan desa wisata berada dalam konteks komunikasi kelompok. Komunikasi dalam kelompok berjalan interaktif, dimana aktivitas komunikasi dilakukan dengan teknik tertentu. Teknik komunikasi yang dilakukan antara lain teknik berkomunikasi informatif, persuasif, dan instruksi. Namun, pada kondisi tertentu semua pesan dapat disampaikan dengan gabungan ketiga teknik itu sekaligus. Dapat digambarkan pula bahwa persepsi tentang program desa wisata berbeda-beda di antara warga, namun mereka memilih sikap menerima program. Sedangkan partisipasi dalam kegiatan pengembangan desa wisata masih terbatas pada kelompok masyarakat tertentu. Selain itu, sikap dukungan dan partisipasi kelompok terhadap program pengembangan desa wisata bukan semata-mata karena kegiatan komunikasi pemerintah. Pemerintah Kabupaten Sragen tidak secara khusus menyusun suatu strategi komunikasi untuk mendukung pencapaian tujuan program secara global. Strategi komunikasi yang dijalankan lebih bersifat intuitif menyesuaikan pada kebutuhan dan situasi di lapangan, bukan bertolak pada suatu perencanaan komunikasi yang terintegrasi ke dalam Program Pengembangan Desa Wisata Pertanian Organik. Kata Kunci: strategi komunikasi, desa wisata, pertanian organik. JOHNY ADHI ARYAWAN. S 220905003. 2013. Communication Strategy for Developing Tour Village Area. (A Case Study of Sragen Government’s Communication Strategy Implementation to Build Public Participation in Program of Organic Farming-Based Tour Village Area Developtment in Betisrejo Sragen). Advisor I Prof. Drs. Totok Sarsito, S.U., M.A., Ph.D. Advisor II: Sri Hastjarjo, S.Sos., Ph.D. Thesis: The Communication Study Program, Main Interest in Research and Development Communication Theory, Postgraduate Program of Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. The research is conducted by the reason that rural tourism is begun to be demand for alternative strategy to develop the village in Indonesia. The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy has set a target to realize 2000 tour villages in 2014 (www.budpar.go.id, 7 November 2011). The Interest is due to the implementation of rural tourism which encourages activities of agricultural sector outside, so it is believed to be able to diversify activities in the rural non-farm economy. Tour village is th most populair as a implementation of rural tourism. On the basic of these assumptions with a number of success stories of rural tourism in the country makes a lot of local governments in Indonesia is keen to implement rural tourism program. Sragen Regency Government has been doing it. In early 2012, launched the organic farming-based tour village development programme in Betisrejo. The programme includes the Village Jambeyan, Jetis, and Sukorejo in District Sambirejo. That’s sure, the rural tourism programme involves communication activities among the government and villagers. Perception and participation of villagers is also influenced on the message appropriate processing. This study aimed to describe the communication strategy of Sragen Government as well as the perception and participation of Jambeyan, Jetis, and Sukorejo villagers about rural tourism development programme. Government as a communicator have a concern to make their citizen have postive perception, support, and participation for tour village developtment program. However, their postive communication respons to the program is also influenced by effective communicating way which do by government This study aimed to describe the communication strategy of Sragen Government as well as the perception and participation of Jambeyan, Jetis, and Sukorejo villagers about rural tourism development programme.The research is a descriptive qualitative. Data was collected through interviews and participant observation with a full role. Authors actively involved in research, both as a researcher and government official (in tour village facilitator duty). Informants as a source of research data are selected using purposive sampling techniques footage. Researchers chose certain informants who know the information and issues are considered in depth so that it can be trusted, as well as selecting certain activities that investigators believed could be a steady source of data. The selection of data sources in qualitative research did not conduct on the basis of population representation, but base on consideration of the information representative (Sutopo, 2002).The results showed that communication activity in rural tourism development programme is in a group communication context. Group communication walk in Interactive type. Furthermore, the communication activities performed by a particular technique. Communication techniques are communication informative, persuasive, and instruction. However, in specially circumstances, all messages can be delivered by a combination of three techniques at once. It can be described tha it is a various perceptions of residents in the village to the tour village programme, whatever, they receive it enthusiastically. Participation to rural tourism activities are followed in limited by local community or group. Participation and act to support into rural tourism development programme is not solely due by government communication activities. Sragen government did not specifically develop a communication strategy to support the achievement of programme objectives globally. Executed of communication strategy is based on intuitive, adjust to the needs and situation. It is not contrary to a communication plan that is integrated into the organic farming-based tour village development programme. Keywords: communication strategy, rural tourism, organic farming

Community structure and ethnic preferences in school friendship networks

Recently developed concepts and techniques of analyzing complex systems provide new insight into the structure of social networks. Uncovering recurrent preferences and organizational principles in such networks is a key issue to characterize them. We investigate school friendship networks from the Add Health database. Applying threshold analysis, we find that the friendship networks do not form a single connected component through mutual strong nominations within a school, while under weaker conditions such interconnectedness is present. We extract the networks of overlapping communities at the schools (c-networks) and find that they are scale free and disassortative in contrast to the direct friendship networks, which have an exponential degree distribution and are assortative. Based on the network analysis we study the ethnic preferences in friendship selection. The clique percolation method we use reveals that when in minority, the students tend to build more densely interconnected groups of friends. We also find an asymmetry in the behavior of black minorities in a white majority as compared to that of white minorities in a black majority.Comment: submitted to Physica

Computer simulation of a-Si/c-Si heterojunction solar cell with high conversion efficiency

The p-type amorphous/ n-type crystalline silicon (P+ a-Si/N+ c-Si) heterojunction was simulated for developing the solar cells with high conversion efficiency and low cost. The characteristic of such cells with different work function of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) were calculated. The energy band structure, quantum efficiency and electric field are analyzed in detail to understand the mechanism of the heterojunction cell. Our results show that the a-Si/c-Si heterojunction is hypersensitive to the TCO work function, and the TCO work function should be large enough in order to achieve high conversion efficiency for P+ a-Si:H/N+ c-Si solar cell. With the optimized parameters set, the P+ a-Si:H/N+ c-Si solar cell reaches a high efficiency ({\eta}) up to 21.849% (FF: 0.866, VOC: 0.861 V, JSC: 29.32 mA/cm2)

Cross-Border E-Commerce Online Marketing Strategy – An Analysis Based on Company B

2008年国际金融危机爆发，全球经济出现衰退，国外需求严重萎缩，我国传统出口外贸企业受到强烈冲击，出口贸易额严重下滑。我国跨境电子商务在互联网和全球电子商务发展的带动下迅速崛起，并随着国家对跨境电商的大力支持，越来越多的外贸企业开始转型进入跨境电商业务这片新的蓝海。网络营销是企业开展跨境电子商务的重要渠道，而对于传统外贸企业，由于缺乏跨境零售终端市场网络营销的人才和经验，在跨境电商业务的实践摸索中面临很多的困难和问题，亟需进行优化和改造。 本文以B公司作为研究对象，以企业的跨境电商网络营销策略优化作为研究领域。首先对跨境电子商务概念界定、发展趋势、发展特点、在我国面临的问题等方面进行了详细的...The 2008 global financial crisis and the ensuingglobal economic recession have caused a sharp decline of foreign demand for Chinese goods.As a result, Chinese exporting trade volume has declined dramatically, and Chinese traditional exporting enterprises face severer challenges. With this backdrop, Chinese cross-border e-commerce has grown tremendously, driven by the rapid rise of the Internet and...学位：管理学硕士院系专业：管理学院_工商管理硕士(工商管理硕士)学号：1792012115069