Comparison of 14C and 230Th/234U Dating of Speleothems from Submarine Caves in the Adriatic Sea (Croatia)

Z metodama 14C oziroma U-Th smo datirali 16 sig iz sedmih podmorskih jam v Jadranu. Dve sigi smo datirali z obema metodama. Primernost metod za datacijo sig je različna zaradi različnih okoljskih pogojev, ki so vladali med izločanjem sige oziroma po zalitju jame. Obe metodi sta zanesljivi na dobro ohranjenih sigah. U-Th metoda je slabša, ko so karbonati onesnaženi z detritičnim materialom oz. preraščeni s plastjo morskega izvora . Vendar metoda U-Th z uporabo MC ICPMS analize, kjer potrebujemo le 100-300mg vzorca (namesto 30 g pri metodi 14C), omogoča boljšo časovno ločljivost datacij, kar je pri datiranju sig zelo pomembno.Among the 16 speleothems that were collected from 7 submarine caves and pits for the purpose of 14C and U-Th dating and reconstructing sea-level changes, two speleothems were dated by both methods. Different environmental conditions during the speleothem deposition and after the submergence resulted with different appropriateness for speleothem dating by these techniques. Well preserved speleothems gave reliable results by both methods, while U-Th method showed disadvantage in the case of carbonates contaminated with detrital material, as well as in the case of carbonate from marine overgrowth that covers the speleothems. However, U-Th method using MC ICPMS technique which requires only 100-300 mg of sample per analysis (instead of ca. 30 g for 14C conventional method), offers better age resolution that is essential for speleothem dating

Human impact on the vegetation of the western Ljubljansko barje in late prehistory (ca. 1000–50 cal. BC). Case study: Vrhnika (Dolge njive)

V članku sta predstavljena razvoj vegetacije in človekov vpliv na okolje na območju današnjega mesta Vrhnika (rimski Navport) v pozni prazgodovini (1. tisočletje pr. n. št.). Raziskava temelji na rezultatih pelodne analize aluvialnega sedimenta, ki se je odlagal na desnem bregu Ljubljanice (lokacija Dolge njive) pred drugo polovico prvega stoletja pr. n. št., ko je bila postavljena rimska naselbina Dolge njive. Pelodni zapis kaže, da je bila pokrajina okrog najdišča v prvem tisočletju pr. n. št. močvirna, medtem ko je mešani gozd (bukev, hrast, jelka in navadni gaber) poraščal bližnja bolj suha območja. Pokrajina je bila le deloma pogozdena; vidni so močni sledovi kultivacije žit in paše, kar lahko povežemo z gospodarskimi aktivnostmi prebivalcev prazgodovinskih (halštatskih in latenskih) naselbin v bližini. Izsekavanje gozda je še pred nastankom rimske naselbine na Dolgih njivah verjetno postalo intenzivnejše. Zaradi suhih hidroloških razmer v arheoloških kulturnih plasteh rekonstrukcija razvoja vegetacije v času rimske naselbine ni bila mogoča.This article investigates the vegetation composition and human impact on the environment in the vicinity of the modern town of Vrhnika (Roman Nauportus) in late prehistory (ca. 1000–50 cal. BC). The research is based on pollen analysis of alluvial sediment, which was deposited on the right bank of the Ljubljanica River before the construction of the Dolge njive Roman settlement in the second half of the 1st century BC. The pollen record suggests that in the 1st millennium cal. BC the landscape around the study site was marshy, and that mixed woodland (beech, oak, fir and hornbeam) was growing on drier land. The landscape was partly open, with strong traces of cereal cultivation and grazing, which can be associated with the economic activities of prehistoric, Early and Late Iron Age populations living in the area. The forest clearance presumably intensified before the establishment of the Roman settlement at Dolge njive. Due to dry hydrological conditions in the archaeological cultural layers, it is not possible to reconstruct the vegetation composition at the time of the Roman settlement

Dolgoročne spremembe okolja 1

Changes of past and present environment of Slovenia are discussed in nine papers, which were written by 21 authors, coming from 14 research organisations. Our aim is to increase multidisciplinary communication and cooperation between Slovenian researchers, working in the fields of palaeoecology and ecology. Research topics include: archaeozoology, biology, ecology, geoarchaeology, palynology, nature protection, dendrochronology, archaeobotany, geochemistry, Karst research and geography.V knjigi je predstavljenih devet prispevkov, ki obravnavajo spremembe nekdanjega in današnjega okolja v Sloveniji. Pri nastajanju knjige je sodelovalo 21 avtorjev, ki prihajajo iz 14 različnih raziskovalnih organizacij. Naš cilj je okrepiti komunikacijo in sodelovanje med slovenskimi raziskovalci, ki se ukvarjamo s paleoekološkimi in ekološkimi raziskavami, zato teme prispevkov prihajajo iz na videz zelo različnih, a med seboj povezanih raziskovalnih področij kot so: arheozoologija, biologija, ekologija, geoarheologija, palinologija, varstvo okolja, dendrokronologija, arheobotanika, geokemija, krasoslovje in geografija

Zgodnjerimska ladja iz Ljubljanice pri Sinji Gorici = Early Roman barge from the Ljubljanica River at Sinja Gorica

Zgodnjerimska ladja iz Ljubljanice pri Sinji Gorici = Early Roman barge from the Ljubljanica River at Sinja Goric

Excavations in Ljubićeva Pećina near Marčana in the 2020 season

Rad donosi rezultate arheoloških istraživanja lokaliteta Ljubićeva pećina kod Marčane u Istri. Istraživanja su dio projekta Hrvatske zaklade za znanost pod nazivom „Prapovijesni lovci i sakupljači u Istri i obližnjim regijama: obrasci života i kretanja tijekom kasnog pleistocena (PREHISTRIA)“ kojem je cilj steći bolji uvid u različite aspekte života kasnoglacijalnih lovaca i sakupljača na prostoru Istre te iste staviti u širi vremenski i geografski okvir. U ovogodišnjim istraživanjima pronađena je arheološka građa (keramika, litički i faunalni nalazi te ljudski kosturni ostaci) iz različitih prapovijesnih razdoblja (brončano doba, neolitik i paleolitik). Nadalje, tijekom istraživanja uzeti su uzorci za radiometrijsku dataciju, analizu sedimentne i drevne DNA, geoarheološke, arheobotaničke i analize sirovinskoga materijala, ZooMS te druge vrste analiza koje će pružiti vrijedne nove podatke o tadašnjim stanovnicima Ljubićeve pećine. Dobiveni rezultati bit će stavljeni u geografski i kronološki kontekst gornjopaleolitičkih nalazišta Istre i obližnjih regija kako bi se dobio bolji uvid u strategije preživljavanja, zone kontakata i druge parametre s obzirom na ekološke čimbenike i promjene okoliša. Ivor Janković - dopisni autorThis paper provides the results of the archaeological excavations of Ljubićeva Pećina, a cave site near Marčana in Istria. The excavations were part of the Croatian Science Foundation project called “Prehistoric hunter-gatherers in Isstria and adjacent regions: Patterns of Late Pleistocene lifestyle and mobility (PREHISTRIA)“, which aims to gain a better insight into the different aspects of life of Late Glacial hunters and gatherers in the area of Istria and put them in a broader temporal and geographical framework. This year’s excavations uncovered archaeological material (pottery, lithic and faunal finds, and human skeletal remains) from different prehistoric periods (Bronze Age, Neolithic, and Paleolithic). Also, samples were taken for radiometric dating, the analysis of sedimentary and ancient DNA, geoarchaeological, archaeobotanical, and raw material analysis, ZooMS, and other kinds of analyses that will provide valuable new data on the past inhabitants of Ljubićeva Pećina. The obtained results will be situated in the geographical and chronological context of the Upper Paleolithic sites of Istria and nearby regions in order to gain a better insight into survival strategies, contact zones, and other parameters with regard to ecological factors and environmental changes. Ivor Janković - corresponding autho

Stratigrafsko najstarejši zgodnjesrednjeveški grobovi in začetek pokopavanja na grobišču Župna cerkev v Kranju

The contribution discusses the earliest burials of the Župna cerkev cemetery in Kranj. Past research revealed that these were located at regular distances from one another and characterised by deep and spacious pits with an east-west orientation, wooden structures and/or stone lining and inhumation burials mostly without grave goods. Individual groups of these graves excavated up to 1984 were dated to the late 7th and the 8th century based on a comparative archaeological analysis. The recent stratigraphic analysis of the whole investigated cemetery, which took into account the later excavations and the past research, has shown that the graves previously interpreted as earliest were not always stratigraphically lowest, some were superimposed on one another. This contribution attempts to establish the beginnings of burial by using both old and new chronological data (relative chronology of graves and typo-chronology). 14C dates are published, for the first time, for select stratigraphically lowest graves. Using stratigraphically later burials with grave goods, these dates are narrowed and form two successive groups. Burial in the Župna cerkev cemetery thus most likely began in the 8th century, before 774/775 (14C), with the first group possibly lasting to the first graves of the second group. The latter do not predate 774 and begin prior to or in the 9th century at the latest.Članek se ukvarja z analizo grobov, izkopanih pri Župni cerkvi v Kranju, ki so bili na podlagi dosedanjih raziskav opredeljeni kot najstarejši na tem grobišču. Za takšne so bili do zdaj opredeljeni grobovi (večinoma) brez pridatkov, ki so bili globoko vkopani v prostorne in med seboj pravilno razmeščene grobne jame, obložene s kamni oz. lesom in orientirane proti vzhodu. Posamezne skupine takšnih grobov, izkopanih do leta 1984, so bile na podlagi arheoloških primerjav datirane v konec 7. in v 8. st. Analiza stratigrafije grobov celotnega grobišča, v katero smo vključili tudi ugotovitve poznejših izkopavanj in pregled zgodovine raziskav, pokažejo, da pri grobovih, do zdaj opredeljenih kot najstarejših, ni šlo vselej za stratigrafsko najstarejše grobove in da so bile med nekaterimi tudi superpozicije. V prispevku skušamo ugotoviti čas začetka pokopavanja na podlagi starih in novih kronoloških podatkov (relativna kronologija grobov in tipokronologija). Za izbrane stratigrafsko najstarejše grobove na tem grobišču prvič prinašamo radiokarbonske datacije (14C), ki smo jih časovno zožili z datacijami stratigrafsko mlajših grobov s predmeti. Obravnavani grobovi se po gradnji groba ločijo na dve skupini. Pokopavanje se je začelo najverjetneje v 8. st., pred letom 774/775 (14C) s prvo skupino, z možnim trajanjem vse do začetka pokopavanja druge skupine. Druga skupina grobov ni starejša od leta 774 in se je začela že pred začetkom 9. st. ali najpozneje takrat

Dolgoročne spremembe okolja 1

Changes of past and present environment of Slovenia are discussed in nine papers, which were written by 21 authors, coming from 14 research organisations. Our aim is to increase multidisciplinary communication and cooperation between Slovenian researchers, working in the fields of palaeoecology and ecology. Research topics include: archaeozoology, biology, ecology, geoarchaeology, palynology, nature protection, dendrochronology, archaeobotany, geochemistry, Karst research and geography.V knjigi je predstavljenih devet prispevkov, ki obravnavajo spremembe nekdanjega in današnjega okolja v Sloveniji. Pri nastajanju knjige je sodelovalo 21 avtorjev, ki prihajajo iz 14 različnih raziskovalnih organizacij. Naš cilj je okrepiti komunikacijo in sodelovanje med slovenskimi raziskovalci, ki se ukvarjamo s paleoekološkimi in ekološkimi raziskavami, zato teme prispevkov prihajajo iz na videz zelo različnih, a med seboj povezanih raziskovalnih področij kot so: arheozoologija, biologija, ekologija, geoarheologija, palinologija, varstvo okolja, dendrokronologija, arheobotanika, geokemija, krasoslovje in geografija

Dolgoročne spremembe okolja 1

Changes of past and present environment of Slovenia are discussed in nine papers, which were written by 21 authors, coming from 14 research organisations. Our aim is to increase multidisciplinary communication and cooperation between Slovenian researchers, working in the fields of palaeoecology and ecology. Research topics include: archaeozoology, biology, ecology, geoarchaeology, palynology, nature protection, dendrochronology, archaeobotany, geochemistry, Karst research and geography.V knjigi je predstavljenih devet prispevkov, ki obravnavajo spremembe nekdanjega in današnjega okolja v Sloveniji. Pri nastajanju knjige je sodelovalo 21 avtorjev, ki prihajajo iz 14 različnih raziskovalnih organizacij. Naš cilj je okrepiti komunikacijo in sodelovanje med slovenskimi raziskovalci, ki se ukvarjamo s paleoekološkimi in ekološkimi raziskavami, zato teme prispevkov prihajajo iz na videz zelo različnih, a med seboj povezanih raziskovalnih področij kot so: arheozoologija, biologija, ekologija, geoarheologija, palinologija, varstvo okolja, dendrokronologija, arheobotanika, geokemija, krasoslovje in geografija