Les bouleversements induits par la guerre civile en Somalie : castes marginales et minorités

Par suite de l'incapacité à aboutir à une solution politique au conflit civil qui déchire la société somalienne depuis 1991, une partie importante de la population (waable et ka baxsanayaal bantou), traditionnellement discriminée par les deux grandes classes nobles somali (waranle et wadaad/guerriers et hommes de la connaissance religieuse), accède à une reconnaissance internationale de son statut particulier et en tient comme acquis les principes. On peut considérer qu'on assiste actuellement à un bouleversement de certaines données sociales en Somalie et principalement des faits structurant la nation et la normalité. (Résumé d'auteur

Conflict in the Somali World & How It Is Resolved Through The Use Of Proverb as an Artistic Discourse Strategy

There are many conflicts in the world and especially in Somalia and there are attempts on how to solve them. From the point of view our modern world, solutions to the conflicts are usually sought or left with the United Nations to put in place a peace keeping force or a modern super power state to build coolation of governments to bring a regime change. The study adopts a complete departure and tests a different approach so as to contribute to whatever existing knowledge we have on how to solve conflicts. The study examines the proverb as an artistic discourse strategy in conflict resolution among the Somalis. It explores ways elders use proverbs to hammer points during peace negotiation meetings. To achieve its objectives, the study adopts a composite approach combing Ethno-poetics and Semiotic theories. The study is about the Somali Proverb. The research is based on Northern Region of Kenya where the ethnic Somalis concentrate, however, materials were also collected from inside Somalia, along the Kenyan-Somali border. Thirty two men and twelve women, who are considered opinion leaders, were interviewed. Forty six proverbs were collected through field research and analysed. The researcher actively participated in peace meetings where live performances of the proverb were recorded. The results of the study reveal that he proverb is used to resolve conflicts. In other words, the study tests the role and significance of the Somali proverb in conflict resolution meetings. The study recommends that there is need for a more thorough socio-literacy methodology applied to analyse the functions style and performance of the proverb which include both verbal and non-verbal. Key words: conflict, proverbs, resolution, function

Women in conflict and indigenous conflict resolution among the Issa and Gurgura clans of Somali in Eastern Ethiopia

This article tries to show the impacts of conflict on women, the role of women in conflict and indigenous conflict resolution, and the participation of women in social institutions and ceremonies among the Issa and Gurgura clans of the Somali ethnic group. It explores the system of conflict resolution in these clans, and women’s representation in the system. The primary role of women in the formation of social capital through marriage and blood relations between different clans or ethnic groups is assessed. The paper focuses on some of the important elements of the socio-cultural settings of the study community that are in one way or another related to conflict and indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms. It also examines the positive aspects of marriage practices in the formation of social capital which strengthens friendship and unity instead of enmity.

Gender and Conflict Management: The Role of Women’s in Indigenous Conflict Resolutions for Peace Building in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Evidence from around the world and across cultures showed that integrating women and gender considerations into peace-building processes helps to promote democracy, good governance, long-term stability and development. The inclusion of gender perspectives into conflict analyses can be beneficial not only to ensure better understanding of conflict dynamics, but also to highlight the linkages with development and poverty issues. Hence, the current review is aims to assess the role of women’s in indigenous conflict resolution in different regions of Ethiopia. All available materials were reviewed. The results of the review disclosed that even if women’s formal participation in the highest leadership positions were formally closed, it is documented that throughout the world, women had played critical roles in times of wars and peace as community organizers and activists. The findings further showed that the role and participation of women in the indigenous conflict management mechanisms is low and insignificant in Tigray. In indigenous system, women play an indirect role in Amhara and Tigray. In Oromia region, women have a great role in solving conflicts among Oromo clans by intervene and request for reconciliation by using the institution called Siqqe. They also have the right and power to reconcile Oromo people to their God called Waqqa by praying to God for them. In Somalia, Women’s also play multiple roles before, during and after conflicts. Women of South nations and nationality play different roles in addressing conflicts either along with men or alone and the male based institutions address conflicts in equal basis irrespective of sex. Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that, Ethiopian women’s play a pivotal role and still working to maintain peace and security across all provinces of the country. Therefore, women should be respected as they have a lion share role in indigenous conflict resolutions as well as they should be empowered to involve in peace promotion and peacemaking at regional and country level. Keywords: Gender, Indigenous, Conflict resolutions, Peace building, Ethiopia DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/80-01 Publication date: February 29th 202

Performance of the Somali Proverb and Elders use of Both Verbal and Non-Verbal Skills during Clan Meetings to Deliver the Message

Among the Somali community, the art of speaking eloquently with abundant use of proverbs is not only a cherished skill, but it is also an institutionalized public behaviour where the young craves for it and the elderly practices it. The social rating of an elder statesman in the community is directly linked to his ability to hammer points in the clan meetings, not through a plain or prose form of speech but by his power of persuasiveness by employing relevant proverbs. To deliver the message of the proverb, some performance skills are always at work. The study explores performance in the Somali proverbs and elders’ use of both verbal and non-verbal skills during clan meetings to deliver the message .The aim is to show the two way relationship between the performance and the mode of delivery of the message in the proverb. The main proposition of the study is to confirm that the performance of the Somali proverb does not only add color to this art but rather aids in communicating the message of the proverb. The research is based on material collected through field research .The research area was northern Kenya & south –western region of Somalia. A total of 21 proverbs were collected but 18 of them were analyzed to induce evidence for the arguments and statements made in this study. A total of 18 respondents were interviewed. Those were 12 men and 6 women who were considered community opinion leaders. The study is based on two theoretical approaches: Sociological approach and Ethno poetics approach The two approaches are chosen to interrogate the social and the performance aspects of the proverbs. The study recommends further research into this area especially the often elusive non-verbal elements of the performance. Keywords: Proverb, performance, gesture, Somal

Amjambo Africa! (December 2019)

In This Issue... New American Leaders .............p. 2 Ladder to the Moon Conference p. 3 Appeal from 350 Maine .............p. 3 Asylum Seekers & Work Permits p. 4 Palaver Strings ............................ p. 9 Ikirenga Cy\u27Intore .................... p. 11 New Deal for New Americans Act .............p. 13 Coffee by Design Supports Arts ..........................p. 18 DACEP & ILAP in Lewiston...... p. 18 Mid Coast New Mainers Group ............................................... p. 19 Housing Scams ......................... p. 19https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/samgen_amjambo/1020/thumbnail.jp