CONTRAINTES SUFFIXALES ET LA DISPONIBILITÉ MORPHOLOGIQUE

Depuis les années 1970 la question de productivité n’a cessé d’attirer l’attention des linguistes qui s’intéressent à l’étude des procédés morphologiques. Toutefois, la plupart des travaux dans ce domaine portent sur la mesure statistique qui cherche à établir la productivité quantitative des procédés en question. L’aspect qualitatif semble relativement marginalisé. Le point de vue adopté ici est que la disponibilité des suffixes constructionnels peut être étudiée d’un point de vue multidimensionnel. En nous appuyant, d’une part, sur l’approche lexématique de la morphologie constructionnelle et, d’autre part, sur le principe de contrainte de la Théorie de l’Optimalité, nous proposons quatre critères avec un système de contraintes pour l’examen de la disponibilité des suffixes appréhendée d'un point de vue qualitatif en français et probablement applicable en d’autres langues comparables. Notre proposition est ensuite appliquée à cinq suffixes du français - -ant, -eur –ier, -iste et –oir

Financing Constraints and a Firm's Decision and Ability to Innovate: Establishing Direct and Reverse Effects.

The paper analyzes the existence and impact of financing constraints as a possibly serious obstacle to innovation by .rms. The econometric framework we employ in our study is the simultaneous bivariate probit with mutual endogeneity of direct indicators of financial constraints and innovation decisions by firms. A novel method for establishing coherency conditions is used. It allows us for the first time to estimate models hitherto classified as incoherent through the use of prior sign restrictions on model parameters. We are thus able to quantify the interaction between financing constraints and a firm's decision and ability to innovate without forcing the econometric models to be recursive. Hence, we obtain direct as well as reverse interaction effects, leading us to conclude that binding financing constraints discourage innovation and at the same time innovative firms are more likely to face binding financing constraints.DSGE model ; Currency union ; Heterogeneity ; Matching frictions ; Welfare.

1-D Coordinate Based on Local Information for MAC and Routing Issues in WSNs

More and more critical Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applications are emerging. Those applications need reliability and respect of time constraints. The underlying mechanisms such as MAC and routing must handle such requirements. Our approach to the time constraint problem is to bound the hop-count between a node and the sink and the time it takes to do a hop so the end-to-end delay can be bounded and the communications are thus real-time. For reliability purpose we propose to select forwarder nodes depending on how they are connected in the direction of the sink. In order to be able to do so we need a coordinate (or a metric) that gives information on hop-count, that allows to strongly differentiate nodes and gives information on the connectivity of each node keeping in mind the intrinsic constraints of WSWs such as energy consumption, autonomy, etc. Due to the efficiency and scalability of greedy routing in WSNs and the financial cost of GPS chips, Virtual Coordinate Systems (VCSs) for WSNs have been proposed. A category of VCSs is based on the hop-count from the sink, this scheme leads to many nodes having the same coordinate. The main advantage of this system is that the hops number of a packet from a source to the sink is known. Nevertheless, it does not allow to differentiate the nodes with the same hop-count. In this report we propose a novel hop-count-based VCS which aims at classifying the nodes having the same hop-count depending on their connectivity and at differentiating nodes in a 2-hop neighborhood. Those properties make the coordinates, which also can be viewed as a local identifier, a very powerful metric which can be used in WSNs mechanisms.Comment: (2011

The impact of financial constraints on innovation: What can be learned from a direct measure?

This paper examines the impact of financial constraints on innovation for established firms. We make use of a direct measure of the existence of financial constraints obtained thanks to a specific survey addressed to French established firms (FIT, Sessi). This is a distinctive feature of this paper as most of previous studies had to rely on proxies (like the cash-flow sensitivity) which may be subject to interpretation problems. The probability to have innovative activities and the probability to face financial constraints are simultaneously estimated by a recursive bivariate probit model. Accounting for the endogeneity of the financial constraint variable, we find that financial constraints significantly reduce the likelihood that firms have innovative activities. The probability to encounter financial constraints is explained by firms' ex ante financing structure and economic performances.Innovation ; Financing constraints ; Recursive bivariate probit.

Génératrice à aimants permanents à flux axial à grand diamètre avec entrefer immergé

Cette étude propose une méthode de modélisation et de conception adaptée aux machines à flux axial et à Double Stator (poly-entrefer) destinée à être intégrée comme génératrice pour une hydrolienne RIM-DRIVEN de grande puissance. La particularité du concept RIM-DRIVEN ou à entrainement circonférentiel réside dans le fait que la machine électrique se situe sur la périphérie de l’hélice. De plus, dans cette étude, l’entrefer de la machine est considéré immergé dans l’eau de mer. Les particularités du système imposent de mettre au point des modèles de dimensionnement adaptés. Ainsi, un modèle électromagnétique analytique 2D inversé permettant le calcul des dimensions géométriques principales est présenté. De même, un modèle thermique spécifique aux machines à entrefer immergé est décrit. Ces modèles permettent d’estimer la masse et le coût des parties actives. Cette machine à flux axial est comparée en termes de coûts matières, masses et comportement thermique avec une machine à flux radial à aimants permanents dimensionnée pour un même cahier des charges. Il en ressort clairement que la machine à flux axial double stator est thermiquement moins contrainte que les machines à simple stator

La Responsabilité Sociétale de L'entreprise et Les Réactions des Parties Prenantes : le Cas de L'opérateur Téléphonique Mtn et des Utilisateurs de Téléphonie Mobile au Bénin

The purpose of this research is to understand the mechanisms by which the actions of corporate social responsibility can affect organizational commitment and organizational identification consumers. From an experiment performed with video support of social responsibility of the telephone operator MTN Benin, data were collected from a sample of judgment seven hundred and ten mobile phone users. The analysis shows that the consumer perception of the actions of social responsibility of the company affects their commitment and organizational identification. Socially responsible consumption appears as a moderating variable to put direct links days. However, the communication by the company on its "good deeds" does not seem to affect these relationships