HESITANCY TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING, A STUDY OF PAKISTANI CONSUMERS

To study the influence of Perceived cost, risk, convenience and enjoyment on online consumer purchases. Being more convenient online shopping seems painless compared to in store shopping, why consumers are still reluctant to shop online?.A sample of 220 questionnaires was filled from different departments at University of Sargodha. Respondents were asked to fill the questionnaire based on four factors (Perceived cost, Perceived risk, Perceived convenience, Perceived enjoyment), there were 2 general questions. Out of 220, 207 questionnaires were returned. One sample test is applied in this study to check the reliability of independent variables. Analysis was also done on basis of gender and their ages. The most important factor out of four, which can persuade the customer's online buying decision, is delivery cost for purchased items and it has negative relationship with dependent variable, moreover perceived risk has also negative relationship with dependent one. Perceived convenience and Perceived enjoyment has positive relationship with online shopping preference. As online shopping is easier to do but due to extra delivery cost and risk factors consumers do not adopt online shopping and these factors should be minimized to promote online shopping. Online shopping should be promoted and to gain the consumer confidence, delivery cost and risk factor should be minimized. As online shopping is easier to do as compared to offline shopping but people still reluctant to use internet for online shopping, so to promote online shopping delivery cost and risk factor should be minimized to gain consumers attraction and confidence. People want to experience online shopping but it won’t be promoted until delivery cost and perceived risk factors be reduced. A little work has been done on exploring the factors that influence the online buying decision. These factors are called situational factors and include delivery charges, risk factors, convenience factors and enjoyment factors. In Pakistan consumers are not too much affiliated to online shopping as compared to European countries and not too much researches have been done related to online shopping in Pakistan , so this research been conducted to promote online shopping

Store switching behavior

Abstract This study describes temporal aspects of consumer shopping behavior. Most cross-sectional studies either explicitly or implicitly assume that consumer choice behavior is constant over time. The results of this study, which is based on scanner panel data for twenty-one grocery stores for three years in Missouri, indicates that consumers are involved in substantial store-switching and variety-seeking behavior, the degree of which is related to a set of sociodemographic variables

Multi-category competition and market power: a model of supermarket pricing

In many competitive settings consumers buy multiple product categories, and some prefer to use a single firm, generating complementary cross-category price effects. To study pricing in supermarkets, an organizational form where these effects are internalized, we develop a multi-category multi-seller demand model and estimate it using UK consumer data. This class of model is used widely in theoretical analysis of retail pricing. We quantify crosscategory pricing effects and find that internalizing them substantially reduces market power. We find that consumers inclined to one-stop (rather than multi-stop) shopping have a greater pro-competitive impact because they generate relatively large cross-category effect

THE INFLUENCE OF ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON GROCERY SHOPPING BEHAVIOUR IN THE UK

Merged with duplicate record 10026.1/741 on 28.02.2017 by CS (TIS)Consumption as an aspect of most people's lives in affluent societies is widely acknowledged as having become increasingly important (Newholm, 2005). We consume more, and consume more often, than previous generations (Durning, 1992) meaning the actions we make and the decisions we take have greater impact than ever before on the world we inhabit. For many their involvement with consumption goes beyond the act of purchase (Oilman, 1998) to include complex ethical dimensions. The relationship between ethics and social responsibility (E&SR) and consumption choices has received growing attention over recent years, resulting in the topic of 'sustainable consumption' becoming a central focus for national and international policy (Jackson, 2005). Yet a review of the pertinent literature in the fields of E&SR, consumer behaviour and shopping motives uncovers the limitations of existing E&SR research in relation to grocery shopping activities. What E&SR factors influence consumers' grocery shopping choice decisions and behaviour? How important are they when compared to traditional store image and product attribute criteria? How do attitudes influence E&SR grocery consumption? Who are the E&SR buyer types and how may they be differentiated and segmented? This thesis sets out to address these questions and comprises the results of, and reflections on, an investigation into grocery shopping behaviour in the South West of England. It consists of three stages: a literature review; a series of exploratory focus group interviews; and a confirmatory quantitative study. Content, factor, multiple regression and cluster analysis find: shopping motivations vary according to two facts I) the shopping consideration (store to patronise, product to purchase), and 2) the shopping occasion (main shop, top-up shop); differences occur in the importance of E&SR issues and traditional elements of store image/product attribute depending on the shopping activity; attitudes, perceived behavioural control and ethical obligation are linked to E&SR behaviour with differences in the importance of E&SR concerns meaning that E&SR shoppers are not a homogenous group. Results enable a preliminary typology of E&SR grocery shopping concerns to be derived and a range of E&SR consumer types to be proposed. This insight offers a far more complex market that has hitherto been recognised. Motivating E&SR behaviour is far from straight forward due to dissonance occurring in decision-making as consumers try to balance traditional retail aspects with their E&SR beliefs, so finding themselves 'locked in' to non-E&SR behaviours in spite of their best intentions. In these circumstances strategies are required to make it easy for consumers to behave in an E&SR manner: ensuring access to information that aids and encourages pro-E&SR behaviour, highlighting non-financial E&SR behaviours, and for Government to exemplify the desired changes through their own policies and practices

Consumer self-concept and retail store loyalty: the effects of consumer self-concept on consumer attitude and shopping behavior among brand-specific and multi-brand retail stores

Researchers have long been interested in understanding the effects of self-concept congruity constructs on marketing-related phenomenon. While studies have investigated the effects of such self-congruity constructs in a myriad of marketing settings, including brand loyalty, retail store loyalty, effectiveness of sales performance, and effectiveness of advertising appeal, to date no study has attempted to simultaneously assess the differing effects of more than one type of congruity construct within the context of a single model In this study, the author proposes a model of retail store loyalty using two types of self-concept congruity constructs – self-concept/brand image congruity and self-concept/store image congruity – as antecedents to mediating variables to retail store loyalty, brand commitment and trust, in order simultaneously investigate the relative impacts of each congruity construct in the model. Additionally, the model is fit to data from two separate samples, using two different types of retail stores – a brand-specific retail store and a multi-brand retail store – to investigate the varying contributions of each congruity construct between retail store type settings.The study uses structural equation modeling to fit the model to the data from each sample and to test research hypotheses. The results are very encouraging, and indicate that for both retail store type setting, self-concept/brand image congruity more significantly affects the mediating variables than does self-concept/store image congruity. Further, in a comparison of the impact of the congruity constructs between different store types, it is found that the self-concept congruity constructs play a much greater role in the model in the case of brand-specific retail stores than in the case of multi-brand retail stores.Additional meaningful findings include the empirical verification that self-concept congruity constructs lead to trust in a retail store, and that consumer commitment to brands which a retail store carries is significantly related to customer loyalty towards that retail store.Ph.D., Marketing -- Drexel University, 200

Choice experiments versus revealed choice models : a before-after study of consumer spatial shopping behavior

The purpose of this article is to compare a set of multinomial logit models derived from revealed choice data and a decompositional choice model derived from experimental data in terms of predictive success in the context of consumer spatial shopping behavior. Data on consumer shopping choice behavior as collected before the opening of a new major clothing store in a shopping center were used to estimate the parameters of the various models. The estimated parameters were then used to predict market shares of the shopping centers after the opening of the new store. Predicted shares were then compared with data on actual behavior collected after the opening of the new store. Results indicate that the two modelling approaches perform almost equally well