134,380 research outputs found
Number-conserving master equation theory for a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate
We describe the transition of weakly interacting atoms into a
Bose-Einstein condensate within a number-conserving quantum master equation
theory. Based on the separation of time scales for condensate formation and
non-condensate thermalization, we derive a master equation for the condensate
subsystem in the presence of the non-condensate environment under the inclusion
of all two body interaction processes. We numerically monitor the condensate
particle number distribution during condensate formation, and derive a
condition under which the unique equilibrium steady state of a dilute, weakly
interacting Bose-Einstein condensate is given by a Gibbs-Boltzmann thermal
state of non-interacting atoms
Revealing the Condensate and Non-Condensate Distributions in the Inhomogeneous Bose-Hubbard Model
We calculate the condensate fraction and the condensate and non-condensate
spatial and momentum distribution of the Bose-Hubbard model in a trap. From our
results, it is evident that using approximate distributions can lead to
erroneous experimental estimates of the condensate. Strong interactions cause
the condensate to develop pedestal-like structures around the central peak that
can be mistaken as non-condensate atoms. Near the transition temperature, the
peak itself can include a significant non-condensate component. Using
distributions generated from QMC simulations, experiments can map their
measurements for higher accuracy in identifying phase transitions and
temperature.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Collapse and Bose-Einstein condensation in a trapped Bose-gas with negative scattering length
We find that the key features of the evolution and collapse of a trapped Bose
condensate with negative scattering length are predetermined by the particle
flux from the above-condensate cloud to the condensate and by 3-body
recombination of Bose-condensed atoms. The collapse, starting once the number
of Bose-condensed atoms reaches the critical value, ceases and turns to
expansion when the density of the collapsing cloud becomes so high that the
recombination losses dominate over attractive interparticle interaction. As a
result, we obtain a sequence of collapses, each of them followed by dynamic
oscillations of the condensate. In every collapse the 3-body recombination
burns only a part of the condensate, and the number of Bose-condensed atoms
always remains finite. However, it can comparatively slowly decrease after the
collapse, due to the transfer of the condensate particles to the
above-condensate cloud in the course of damping of the condensate oscillations.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
A renormalized Gross-Pitaevskii Theory and vortices in a strongly interacting Bose gas
We consider a strongly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate in a spherical
harmonic trap. The system is treated by applying a slave-boson representation
for hard-core bosons. A renormalized Gross-Pitaevskii theory is derived for the
condensate wave function that describes the dilute regime (like the
conventional Gross-Pitaevskii theory) as well as the dense regime. We calculate
the condensate density of a rotating condensate for both the vortex-free
condensate and the condensate with a single vortex and determine the critical
angular velocity for the formation of a stable vortex in a rotating trap.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures; revision and extension, figure 2 adde
Enhancing capacity of coherent optical information storage and transfer in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Coherent optical information storage capacity of an atomic Bose-Einstein
condensate is examined. Theory of slow light propagation in atomic clouds is
generalized to short pulse regime by taking into account group velocity
dispersion. It is shown that the number of stored pulses in the condensate can
be optimized for a particular coupling laser power, temperature and interatomic
interaction strength. Analytical results are derived for semi-ideal model of
the condensate using effective uniform density zone approximation. Detailed
numerical simulations are also performed. It is found that axial density
profile of the condensate protects the pulse against the group velocity
dispersion. Furthermore, taking into account finite radial size of the
condensate, multi-mode light propagation in atomic Bose-Einstein condensate is
investigated. The number of modes that can be supported by a condensate is
found. Single mode condition is determined as a function of experimentally
accessible parameters including trap size, temperature, condensate number
density and scattering length. Quantum coherent atom-light interaction schemes
are proposed for enhancing multi-mode light propagation effects.Comment: 12pages. Laser Physics, in pres
Two-fluid dynamics for a Bose-Einstein condensate out of local equilibrium with the non-condensate
We extend our recent work on the two-fluid hydrodynamics of a Bose-condensed
gas by including collisions involving both condensate and non-condensate atoms.
These collisions are essential for establishing a state of local thermodynamic
equilibrium between the condensate and non-condensate. Our theory is more
general than the usual Landau two-fluid theory, to which it reduces in the
appropriate limit, in that it allows one to describe situations in which a
state of complete local equilibrium between the two components has not been
reached. The exchange of atoms between the condensate and non-condensate is
associated with a new relaxational mode of the gas.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, 1 postscript figure, Fig.1 has been correcte
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