The effects of pre-exhaustion, exercise order, and rest intervals in a full-body resistance training intervention

Pre-exhaustion (PreEx) training is advocated on the principle that immediately preceding a compound exercise with an isolation exercise can target stronger muscles to pre-exhaust them to obtain greater adaptations in strength and size. However, research considering PreEx training method is limited. The present study looked to examine the effects of a PreEx training programme. Thirty-nine trained participants (male = 9, female = 30) completed 12 weeks of resistance training in 1 of 3 groups: a group that performed PreEx training (n = 14), a group that performed the same exercise order with a rest interval between exercises (n = 17), and a control group (n = 8) that performed the same exercises in a different order (compound exercises prior to isolation). No significant between-group effects were found for strength in chest press, leg press, or pull-down exercises, or for body composition changes. Magnitude of change was examined for outcomes also using effect size (ES). ESs for strength changes were considered large for each group for every exercise (ranging 1.15 to 1.62). In conclusion, PreEx training offers no greater benefit to performing the same exercises with rest between them compared with exercises performed in an order that prioritises compound movements

Zinc calixarene complexes for the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters

Reaction of Zn(C₆F₅)₂·toluene (two equivalents) with 1,3-dipropoxy-p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene (L¹H₂) led to the isolation of the complex [{Zn(C₆F₅)}₂L¹] (1), whilst similar use of Zn(Me)₂ resulted in the known complex [{Zn(Me)}₂L¹] (2). Treatment of L¹H₂ with in situ prepared Zn{N(SiMe₃)₂}₂ in refluxing toluene led to the isolation of the compound [(Na)ZnN(SiMe₃)₂L¹] (3). The stepwise reaction of L¹H₂ and sodium hydride, followed by ZnCl₂ and finally NaN(SiMe₃)₂ yielded the compound [Zn{N(SiMe₃)₂}₂L¹] (4). The reaction between three equivalents of Zn(C₆F₅)₂·toluene and oxacalix[3]arene (L²H₃) at room temperature formed the compound {[Zn(C₆F₅)]₃L²} (5); heating of 5 in acetonitrile caused the ring opening of the parent oxacalix[3]arene and rearrangement to afford the complex [(L²)Zn₆(C₆F₅)(R)(RH)OH]·5MeCN R = C₆F₅CH₂-(p-ᵗBuPhenolate-CH₂OCH₂–)₂–p-ᵗBuPhenolate-CH₂O⁻)³⁻ (6). The molecular structures of the new complexes 1, 3 and 6, together with that of the known complex 2, whose solid state structure has not previously been reported, have been determined. Compounds 1, 3–5 have been screened for the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) and rac-lactide. Compounds featuring a Zn–C₆F₅ fragment were found to be poor ROP pre-catalysts as they did not react with benzyl alcohol to form an alkoxide. By contrast, compound 4, which contains a zinc silylamide linkage, was the most active of the zinc-based calix[4]arene compounds screened and was capable of ROP at ambient temperature with 65% conversion over 4 h

Isolasi, Karakterisasi, dan Uji Bioaktivitas Metabolit Sekunder dari Hydroid Aglaophenia Cupressina Lamoureoux sebagai Bahan Dasar Antimikroba

Isolation, structure elucidation, activity test against Salmonella thypi, Staphylococcus aureus of secondary metabolite from hydroid Aglaophenia cupressina Lamoureoux, were conducted. This study was aimed to identify and isolate the compound with antibacterial properties of hydroid Aglaophenia crupessina Lamoureoux. This study used stepwise method with the following sequences: extraction, isolation, purification, structure elucidation, and bioactivity test. Study results indicated three compounds found: (1)carboxylate acid compound: hexadecanoic acid and has antibacterial properties; (2) alkaloidcompound which was considered as a new compound: aglaounhas and has antimicrobialproperties; (3) steroid compound: β-sitosterol with no antimicrobial properties

Senyawa Antibakteri Daun Belawan Putih (Tristaniopsis Whiteana)

Isolation of antibacterial compounds from chloroform extract of belawan putih (Tristaniopsis whiteana) leaves hasbeen done. The bioautography analysis of the extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis,subsequently followed by isolation and purification of active compounds led us to obtain two pure compounds,compound 1 and 2. Futhermore, the compound 2 was identified as betulinic acid based on their spectroscopic dataincluding ultraviolet spectrum, infrared spectrum, 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra. In addition, this is the first report ofthe occurrence of this compound in the plant of Tristaniopsis whiteana and the genus of Tristaniopsis

Xanthurenic acid and its rôle in the trytophane metabolism of pyroxidine-deficient rats

In a previous publication (1) the isolation of a green pigment from the urine of pyridoxine-deficient rats was described. The green pigment was shown to be the product of a reaction between ferric ammonium sulfate or other ferric salts and a compound whose nature was unknown. This compound has now been isolated in crystalline form. It is a yellow pigment and has been identified as xanthurenic acid

Botrylactone: new interest in an old moleculedreview of its absolute configuration and related compounds

The absolute configuration of botrylactone, a unique compound with an interesting polyketide lactone skeleton with two oxirane bridges previously isolated from Botrytis cinerea and described as a powerful antibiotic, has been reviewed on the basis of sign of the optical rotation, NOE experiments and NMR method. The isolation of 7-deoxybotrylactone and 5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxydec-2(3)-enoyl) botrylactone enables us to characterize an intriguing new family of compounds with this interesting polyketide skeleton. A common biosynthetic origin with botcinin derivatives is proposed

ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA KUDRAFLAVON C DARI FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT KAYU AKAR Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk

Penelitian ini melaporkan proses isolasi dan karakterisasi senyawa flavonoid dengan substituen isopren pada C-3 dari kayu akar nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.). Isolasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan berbagai teknik kromatografi antara lain kromatografi cair vakum (KCV), kromatografi kolom gravitasi (KKG), dan kromatografi radial (KR). Analisis terhadap kemurnian senyawa didasarkan pada hasil kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dengan menggunakan berbagai sistem eluen. Karakterisasi senyawa hasil isolasi didasarkan pada spektroskopi yang meliputi spektroskopi UV dan 1H NMR. Dari data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa hasil isolasi adalah senyawa yang dikenal sebagai kudraflavon C. Senyawa tersebut merupakan senyawa dengan kerangka dasar flavon dan memiliki substituen isopren di C-3 dan C-6 serta substituen hidroksi pada C nomor 5, 7, 2’ dan 4’. Secara biogenesis senyawa ini berasal dari hasil kondensasi clasein antara asam sinamat dengan tiga unit asetil koenzim A yang diikuti oleh reaksi siklisasi dan adisi. Kata Kunci : Isolasi, Karakterisasi, Kromatografi, Spektroskopi, Kudraflavon This research was reported the process of isolation and characterization of flavonoid compound with isoprene substituen on C-3 from Artocarpus heterophyllus L. root. The isolation process was carried out using various technique of chromatography such as Vacuum-Liquid Chromatography, Colom Chromatography, and Radial Chromatography. The analysis of the purity of the compound were based on the result of Thin Layer Chromatography using variation of the eluen system. Characterizations of the isolate compound were based on the spectroscophy technique which include UV spechtroscophy and 1H-NMR. The results of this study found that the compound which have been isolated was qudraflavon C. This compound had a flavon basic skeleton with isopren substituen on C-3 and C-6, and also had the hidroxy substituen in C5;C7;C2’; and C4’. Biogenesis pathway of this compound through the claisen condesation between sinamic acid with 3 unit of acetyl CoA and followed by cyclitation and adition reactions. Keywords : Isolation, characterizations, chromatography, spechtroscophy, Qudraflvon

SOME PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM STEM BARK OF MELINJO (GNETUM GNEMON) AND THEIR ACTIVITY TEST AS ANTIOXIDANT AND UV-B PROTECTION

Isolation and structure elucidation of three phenolic compounds, namely 3,4-dimethoxychlorogenic acid (1), resveratrol (2), and 3-methoxyresveratrol (3) from stem bark of Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) had been done. The isolation of those compounds was carried out by chromatographyc method and structure elucidation was performed by interpretation of spectroscopic data, including UV, IR, 1H and 13C NMR 1D and 2D, and FABMS. The result of this study showed that activity each compounds as radical hydroxyl scavenger of 3,4-dimethoxychlorogenic acid (3), resveratrol (2), and 3-methoxyresveratrol (3), with an IC50 523,7; 45,17; and 60,12; g/ml respectively. Each compound showed significant activity as UV-B protection. Activity test as UV-B protection showed that resveratrol and methoxyresveratrol have maximum protections (SPF 8,03 and 12,34 respectively), and 3,4-dimethoxychlorogenic acid has minimum protection (SPF 2,55), each compounds on 50 g/ml. Key word : melinjo; Gnetum gnemon; natural antioxidant; UV-B protection FMIPA, 2007 (PEND. KIMIA

Isolation, Identification And Evaluation Of Antibacterial Activity Of The Semi-Purified Compound From Strobilanthes Crispus (L. Bremek)

This study involved isolation, purification and identification of bioactive compound from the leaves of Kecibiling, Strobilanthes crispus. The bioactive compound obtained was tested for its antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. Chemical investigation on the leaves using methanol, Column Chromatography and liquid- liquid extraction of the oily fraction resulted in the isolation, purification and identification of the active compound, verbascoside