Compressive Strength of Volcanic Ash/Ordinary Portland Cement Laterized Concrete

This study investigates the effect of partial replacement of cement with volcanic ash (VA) on the compressive strength of laterized concrete. A total of 192 cubes of 150mm dimensions were cast and cured in water for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of hydration with cement replacement by VA and sand replacement by laterite both ranging from 0 to 30% respectively, while a control mix of 28-day target strength of 25 N/mm2 was adopted. The results show that the density and compressive strength of concrete decreased with increase in volcanic ash content. The 28-day, density dropped from 2390 kg/m3 to 2285 kg/m3 (i.e. 4.4% loss) and the compressive strength from 25.08 N/mm2 to 17.98 N/mm2 (i.e. 28% loss) for 0-30% variation of VA content with no laterite introduced. The compressive strength also decreased with increase in laterite content; the strength of the laterized concrete however increases as the curing age progresses

The effect of shredded paper as partial sand replacement on properties of cement sand brick

Cement sand brick is type of brick made from a mixture of cement, sand and water. The wastage of paper in industry for every year is increasing gradually. Shredded paper was dumped as waste behind the mill or landfill and causes environmental pollution. Sand mining causes bank erosion, water pollution, coastal destructions, air pollution and destruction of flora and fauna. Utilizing shredded paper as partial sand replacement in producing cement sand brick would reduce the environmental pollution. The objectives of study are to investigate the effect of shredded paper as partial sand replacement on compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption of cement sand brick. All the specimen were subjected to water curing at 7, 14 and 28 days. The finding shows that cement sand brick containing 20% shredded paper replacement exhibit the highest compressive strength and flexural strength value. This study shows that shredded paper can be used as a partial sand replacement material in cement sand brick production

Using metakaolin to improve the compressive strength and the durability of fly ash based concrete

Partial replacement of Portland cement by pozzolanic and cimentitious by-products or mineral additions that allow for carbon dioxide emission reductions is a major issue in the current climate change context. However, the use of low pozzolanic activity by-products like fly ash can cause a decrease relatively early in compressive strength. In this paper, the effect of metakaolin and fly ash on strength and concrete durability was investigated. The durability was assessed by different means of water absorption, oxygen permeability and concrete resistivity. Results show that partial replacement of cement by 30% fly ash leads to a decrease relevantly early in compressive strength, when compared to a reference mix of 100% Portland cement. Results also show that using 15% fly ash and 15% metakaolin replacement is responsible for minor strength loss but leads to outstanding durability improvement

Pengaruh Substitusi Parsial Semen Dengan Abu Terbang Terhadap Karakteristik Teknis Beton

Partly or totally substitution of cement with another environmentally products in making concrete become the alternative. In this research the composition of the fly ash used as a partial replacement of cement in concrete as much as 40% out of total mass of cement (High Volume Fly Ash Concrete) and then will be compared with normal concrete about the technical characteristics of the two types of concrete. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of partial replacement of cement with fly ash in concrete on technical characteristics of concrete which are specific gravity of concrete, compressive strength of concrete and concrete abrasion. The results obtained by the technical characteristics of concrete at the concrete age of 56 days for normal concrete has an average of specific gravity is 2434.39 kg/m³ with an average of compressive strength is 22.72 MPa and concrete abrasion percentage is 19.74%, for HVFA concrete has an average of specific gravity is 2407.22 kg/m³ with an average of compressive strength of 22.51 MPa and concrete abrasion percentage is 20.12%. The result of this research shows that the effect of the partial replacement of cement with fly ash in concrete produce the technical characteristics of concrete which are specific gravity of concrete, compressive strength of concrete and concrete abrasion are similliar with the technical characteristics of normal concrete

Effect of Mixing Ingredient on Compressive Strength of ISSA Concrete Containing Eggshell Powder

Waste management is one of the alarming issues in developing country like Malaysia. It is reported that sewage sludge and eggshell waste are generated annually. The amount of waste is expected to increase from year to year. Thus it is viable to investigate the possibility to turn waste into suitable construction materials in concrete production. In this paper, sewage sludge and eggshell waste are treated and used as blended cement to reduce the use of cement consumption in concrete production. At early stage of research, mortar cubes of mm of cubes were cast to identify the optimum percentage of ISSA. At the second stage, only optimum percentage of ISSA concrete were added with difference percentages of eggshell powder and tested by slump test and compressive strength. All the specimens were subjected to water curing before undergo compressive strength test. The optimum of ISSA and eggshell powder were 10% and 15% which capable to use as partial cement replacement. The total cement replacement is 25%. The compressive strength result was 37% higher than normal plain concrete. On the right formulation, ISSA and eggshell can be used partial cement replacement that exhibit optimum strength

Palm oil fuel ash as the future supplementary cementitious material in concrete

The use of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as a pozzolanic material for partial cement replacement in concrete reduces the cost of concrete as well as cuts down the number of landfill area required for disposing the ash. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the engineering properties and durability aspects of blended cement concrete incorporating POFA as a partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). An Ordinary Portland Cement concrete mix termed P0 and two POFA concrete mixes with different fineness termed (POFA 45 and POFA 10) at 20% replacement level by weight of cement were considered in the study. Acid solution was found to be the most destructive under the applied exposure conditions on P0. The loss of mass and the resistance to chloride penetration were found to be depended on the degree of fineness of POFA to which the specimens were exposed. As for the values obtained from compressive strength test, P0 specimens were found to be the lowest compared with specimen consisting POFA. On the other hand, POFA 10 exhibited better resistance against acid than POFA 45. Conclusively, integration of POFA as partial cement replacement, especially very fine POFA increases the resistance of high strength POFA concrete towards both chloride attack and acid attack

Application of Waste Glass Powder as a Partial Cement Substitute towards more Sustainable Concrete Production

Use of waste materials in concrete is now a global trend for efficient waste management so as to achieve a sustainable green environment and with the added advantages of preserving the natural resources as well as producing a better performing concrete. This study examined the properties of concrete containing ground waste glass powder (GP) as partial replacement for cement. The waste glass was finely grounded into powder and the morphology imagery of the powder materials was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the chemical composition of the glass powdered material was determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Laboratory tests were carried out to determine the strength activity index, workability, split tensile and compressive strength properties of the concrete with 0%, 15%, 18%, 21%, 24%, 27% and 30% partial replacement of cement with the ground waste glass powder. The results showed that the oxides composition of the glass powder meets the requirements for pozzolanic material, while the SEM morphology shows materials of amorphous flaky solid masses, and based on the 28-day strength activity index, concrete containing 21% cement replacement shows a higher strength index above the recommended 75%. It was also observed that workability of the concrete reduced with increase in percentage glass content while significant improvement of the compressive strength of the concrete was achieved at 21% cement replacement, after which a decrease in strength with increasing percentage glass content was observed. The revealed results were confirmed by the microstructural examination using SEM showing a denser concrete at 21% cement replacement but increase porosity as the glass content increases. However, a decrease in split tensile strength was observed with increasing glass content. The results clearly showed that it is possible to produce moderate strength sustainable concrete for structural application using 20% glass powder as cement replacement