Investigation of the Influence of Antimicrobial Preparations on the Shelf Life of Broccoli Cabbage

Studies of the effect of antimicrobial agents on the conservation of broccoli cabbage have been conducted. The late hybrids of broccoli Ironman F1, Agassi F1, Beaumont F1, grown under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were studied. The content of the main components of the chemical composition (dry substances, dry soluble substances, sugars, vitamin C) of broccoli cabbage is analyzed depending on the characteristics of the hybrid. The effect of antimicrobial treatment on the natural loss of cabbage, microbiological lesions during storage has been studied. Antimicrobial preparations Baikal EM-1 (dilution of working solution in water 1: 500), 0.5 % solution of citric, 0.2 % benzoic, 0.05 % sorbic acid, and also 0.5:0.5 % solution of vitamins C and P (ascorutin), water for the preparation of solutions had a temperature of 23 ... 25 °C.The processing of fruit and vegetable products with various chemicals is aimed at prolonging the shelf life, increasing the shelf life and increasing the yield of commercial products at the end of storage.It is established that the natural loss of broccoli cabbage during storage depends on the characteristics of the hybrid and the type of antimicrobial preparation. Treatment with preparations increases the shelf life of broccoli cabbage to 30 - 50 days with a natural weight loss of up to 6.1 %, and ensures minimal disease burden.Treatment with antimicrobial agents reduces the loss of dry substances, dry soluble substances, sugars, vitamin C. The most effective is the treatment of broccoli with acids. It has been established that ascorbic acid is contained in broccoli cabbage, with hydrolysis from which ascorbic acid is split off, the content of which is increased.The maximum effective storage of broccoli cabbage at a temperature of 0 ± 1 oС and relative humidity of 90-95 %, pretreatment with preparations of antimicrobial action.The proposed method of processing broccoli cabbage with antimicrobial preparations before storage allows the use of vegetable raw materials for post-harvest treatment. In the development of new, low-cost, environmentally friendly and affordable storage technologies, this is an important technique

Controlling root flies with exclusion fences?

Protecting crops with insect fences is currently being considered as an alternative to row cover netting and synthetic insecticides. Previous studies reported efficacies of such fences with 50-90 % reduction in crop damage by root flies. We conducted trials with a 1.70 m fence over two years to monitor carrot rust fly (Psila rosae) in carrots and cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) in radish. There was a significant reduction in cabbage root fly damage in fenced plots whereas no such effect could be found with carrot rust fly. The structure of the overhang at the top of the fence and the mobility of this particular species may be important elements to consider in fence design. The length of the overhang also seemed to be important for cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) control, as a statistically significant treatment effect was observed only when the overhang was 35 cm long. Using radish as a test crop, the fences reduced damage by 55 % in the second year of the trial. The population size of overwintering cabbage root flies was also an important factor, as the number of flies in the year that the fence was effective was lower than in the previous year

Variation and Distribution of Glucosinolates in 42 Cultivars of Brassica oleracea Vegetable Crops

Brassica vegetables are known to contain glucosinolates that are precursors for bioactive compounds like isothiocyanates that have been shown to play an important role in human health. This study reports the results of a screening of 11 Brassica oleracea crops consisting of 42 cultivars (6 white cabbage, 5 red cabbage, 7 Brussels sprouts, 2 kale, 1 tronchuda, 3 oxheart cabbage, 2 kohlrabi, 6 broccoli, 5 cauliflower, 3 romanesco and 2 Savoy cabbage). All these cultivars were cultivated under the same conditions on a single location in the same season. The variation found in the level of glucosinolates is expected to be mainly due to the genetic variation. A large variation was observed in the level and profile of glucosinolates. Total glucosinolates varied from 14 to 625 µmol/100 g fresh weight. Glucoraphanin, the precursor of the isothiocyanate sulforophane, varied from 0 to 141 µmol/100 g fresh weight. Within broccoli glucoraphanin varied from 27 to 141 µmol/100 g fresh weight. Glucoiberin that is structurally related to glucoraphanin varied from 6 to 397 µmol/100 g fresh weight. Within broccoli glucoiberin varied from 21 to 397 µmol/100 g fresh weigh

Occurrence and diversity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in vegetable brassica fields in Nepal

Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris was found in 28 sampled cabbage fields in five major cabbage-growing districts in Nepal in 2001 and in four cauliflower fields in two districts and a leaf mustard seed bed in 2003. Pathogenic X. campestris pv. campestris strains were obtained from 39 cabbage plants, 4 cauliflower plants, and 1 leaf mustard plant with typical lesions. Repetitive DNA polymerase chain reaction-based fingerprinting (rep-PCR) using repetitive extragenic palindromic, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus, and BOX primers was used to assess the genetic diversity. Strains were also race typed using a differential series of Brassica spp. Cabbage strains belonged to five races (races 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7), with races 4, 1, and 6 the most common. All cauliflower strains were race 4 and the leaf mustard strain was race 6. A dendrogram derived from the combined rep-PCR profiles showed that the Nepalese X. campestris pv. campestris strains clustered separately from other Xanthomonas spp. and pathovars. Race 1 strains clustered together and strains of races 4, 5, and 6 were each split into at least two clusters. The presence of different races and the genetic variability of the pathogen should be considered when resistant cultivars are bred and introduced into regions in Nepal to control black rot of brassicas

Determination Of Amino Acid Composition Of Broсcoli Cabbage Protein

A wide range of fresh fruits and vegetables grown in different geographical areas and represented in International trade networks has changed the consumers' approaches to their choice. The determining criterion of choice is the biological value of plant raw materials, is determined by the content of amino acids, vitamins, mineral elements, β-carotene, which play a significant role in ensuring the functioning of the human body. The chemical composition of fruits and vegetables is highly variable and depends on the type, variety of vegetables, agro climatic conditions of their cultivation, storage characteristics and requires study.The study of the amino acid composition and biological value of the protein of the broccoli varieties of French and Dutch selections, which are regionalized in Ukraine, will determine the most promising varieties in order to provide the population with full-fledged proteins of plant origin.The amino acid composition of the protein of the broccoli Parthenon, Belstar F1, Quinta F1, Monaco F1 is regionalized and suitable for cultivation in different geographical regions of Ukraine. Calculation of the amino acidic score and biological value of the broccoli cabbage protein on which the varieties were ranked.8 indispensable and 8 dispensable amino acids are identified and quantified. It is found that the greatest content of indispensable amino acids is characteristic for cabbage varieties Parthenon (41.95 mg/100 mg protein) and Belstar F1 (42.26 mg/100 mg protein). All the investigated varieties of broccoli cabbage don't differ significantly in this indicator.A high content of glutamic acid (from 16.27 to 18.43 mg/100 mg protein), aspartic acid (from 9.54 to 10.56 mg/100 mg protein), arginine (from 6.02 to 6.90 mg) is found in the dispensable amino acids in broccoli cabbage varieties/100 mg).The calculated amino acid scores show that the broccoli cabbage protein is a valuable source of isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine and tryptophan. The score of methionine, tryptophan and isoleucine ranges from 165.1 % to 183.1 %; from 121.0 to 156.0 % and from 115.3 to 127.8 % respectively.Species of broccoli cabbage are identified, the protein of which has the highest biological value. The performed calculations confirm that the highest biological value is possessed by the broccoli cabbage protein of Quinta F1 variety (64.2 %). This variety is the most balanced in its amino acid composition compared to other varieties. The biological value of the protein of the varieties of Monaco F1, the Parthenon is different and amounted to 63.2 % and 63.1 %, respectively. The lowest biological value is found for the protein Belstar F1 – 60.5 %.The research results of the amino acid composition and biological value of the broccoli cabbage protein of varieties bred and grown in different countries will contribute to the expansion of the scientific database on the effect of climatic growing conditions on the biological value of the broccoli cabbage protein.The obtained results can also be useful for specialists in the agrarian sector and the fruit and vegetable industry

Differences in Thermal Stability of Glucosinolates in Five Brassica Vegetables

The thermal stability of individual glucosinolates within five different Brassica vegetables was studied at 100°C for different incubation times up to 120 minutes. Three vegetables that were used in this study were Brassica oleracea (red cabbage, broccoli and Brussels sprouts) and two were Brassica rapa (pak choi and Chinese cabbage). To rule out the influence of enzymatic breakdown, myrosinase was inactivated prior to the thermal treatments. The stability of three glucosinolates that occurred in all five vegetables (gluconapin, glucobrassicin and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin) varied considerably between the different vegetables. The degradation could be modeled by first order kinetics. The rate constants obtained varied between four to twenty fold between the five vegetables. Brussels sprouts showed the highest degradation rates for all three glucosinolates. The two indole glucosinolates were most stable in red cabbage, while gluconapin was most stable in broccoli. These results indicate the possibilities for plant breeding to select for cultivars in which glucosinolates are more stable during processin

Efektivitas Caisin Sebagai Tanaman Perangkap Patogen Untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Akar Gada Pada Kubis

He research was conducted by observation on 5 plot kinds of cabbage planting. The plots consist of control plot with no planting Chinese cabbage, plot with planting Chinese cabbage as rotation plant on 38 day before planting of cabbage followed by manual eradication, plot with planting Chinese cabbage as rotation plant on 38 day followed by flooding for 14 days and soil tillage, plot with mixcropping Chinese cabbage on the early growth stage of the cabbage, and plot with intercropping of Chinese cabbage on 14 days before planting the cabbage. The results showed that planting Chinese cabbage as trap crop of the pathogen followed by eradication of the infected Chinese cabbage effectively controlled clubroot intensity and significantly restored the partial yields of the cabbage

Root growth and soil nitrogen depletion by onion, lettuce, early cabbage and carrot

Experiments examining root growth, the utilization of N and the effect of green manures were carried out on four vegetable crops. Large differences were observed both in rooting depth penetration rates, and in final rooting depth and distribution. Onion had a very low depth penetration rate, carrot an intermediate rate, and lettuce and cabbage showed high rates. A combination of depth penetration rates and duration of growth determined rooting depth at harvest. Therefore, lettuce, which had a very short growing season, had a shallow root system at harvest, whereas carrot with a lower depth penetration rate but a long growing season had deep rooting at harvest. The final rooting depth of the vegetables varied from approximately 0.3 m for onion to more than 1.0 m for carrot and early cabbage. Carrot and cabbage were able to utilize N from deeper soil layers, not available to onion and lettuce. The ability of green manure crops to concentrate available N in the upper soil layers was especially valuable when they were grown before the two shallow rooted crops

Don’t Spray the Wasps! Using \u3ci\u3ePolistes\u3c/i\u3e Paper Wasps for Pest Management in the Home Garden

Pest control poses a challenge to all gardeners, especially those wishing to use organic practices. We examined the potential use of Polistes paper wasps as a bio-control agent in the organic backyard garden. Polistes are important predatory insects which may potentially consume thousands of soft bodied pest insects per season. We planted 8 garden plots with leaf lettuce, cabbage, pole beans and tomatoes. In 4 experimental plots, we established 8 Polistes dominulus nests, while in the remaining control plots we did not establish wasp nests. We measured the abundance of pest insects, the extent of damage from insect pests, and the weight of the plants at harvest. We did not observe any statistically significant differences between the experimental and control plots, however, we did find that cabbage plants from plots with more wasps had less insect damage than plants from plots with fewer wasps. Although our study appears to demonstrate that Polistes wasps were not effective in controlling pests, the observation that wasp number influenced damage levels in cabbage suggests that, at least for that crop, there is a density of wasps that can be effective

Effects of vertical distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen on root growth and subsequent nitrogen uptake by field vegetable crops

Information is needed about root growth and N uptake of crops under different soil conditions to increase nitrogen use efficiency in horticultural production. The purpose of this study was to investigate if differences in vertical distribution of soil nitrogen (Ninorg) affected root growth and N uptake of a variety of horticultural crops. Two field experiments were performed each over 2 years with shallow or deep placement of soil Ninorg obtained by management of cover crops. Vegetable crops of leek, potato, Chinese cabbage, beetroot, summer squash and white cabbage reached root depths of 0.5, 0.7, 1.3, 1.9, 1.9 and more than 2.4 m, respectively, at harvest, and showed rates of root depth penetration from 0.2 to 1.5 mm day)1 C)1. Shallow placement of soil Ninorg resulted in greater N uptake in the shallow-rooted leek and potato. Deep placement of soil Ninorg resulted in greater rates of root depth penetration in the deep-rooted Chinese cabbage, summer squash and white cabbage, which increased their depth by 0.2–0.4 m. The root frequency was decreased in shallow soil layers (white cabbage) and increased in deep soil layers (Chinese cabbage, summer squash and white cabbage). The influence of vertical distribution of soil Ninorg on root distribution and capacity for depletion of soil Ninorg was much less than the effect of inherent differences between species. Thus, knowledge about differences in root growth between species should be used when designing crop rotations with high N use efficiency