Viability of sawdust briquettes for rural Ghana

The growing demand for solid fuels in the developing world has begun to place enormous pressure on natural resources with an especially heavy toll on the forests of sub-Saharan Africa. The main energy sources for much of the developing world are scavenged wood and charcoal. These fuels contribute heavily to indoor air pollution causing 1.6 million deaths annually. In this study we look at the possibility of using waste sawdust from the timber industry as a potential fuel source. We saw that under modest pressure (achievable using hand presses) one can make a durable sawdust briquette capable of withstanding manufacturing, transportation, and final use. These results show promise in the field of biomass briquetting; we can see that high pressure methods that require costly capital investment are not necessary to create a reliable fuel from biomass waste.Mechanical Engineerin

Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel Cangkang Kelapa Sawit terhadap Efisiensi Kalor pada Briket Cangkang Kelapa Sawit

The energy crisis is one of the problems facing mankind today. Because of the limitations of existing fossil energy on earth then much alternative energy development. One alternative energyi is developed briquettes. The briquettes are used in this study is the briquettes are made from raw material palm oil shell. Palm shell briquettes made by particle size variations. The measure used in the study are smaller than 8 mesh, between 8-12 mesh, between 12-20 mesh, and greater than 20 mesh. Grouping particle size sieve used to size 8 mesh, 12 mesh and 20 mesh. As the adhesives used briquettes cassava flour in the ratio 1:7 to palm shells. Briquettes with a mesh size of between 8 - 12 mesh has an average calorific value of the largest in the amount of 4696.2 cal / g. Briquettes with size greater than 20 mesh is the briquettes to trigger the shortest time and the amount of residual char slightly. Briquettes with size smaller than 8 mesh is briquettes with flame longest time with an average temperature of 65 ◦ C

Mutagenicity assessment of aerosols in emissions from wood combustion

Mestrado em Estudos AmbientaisPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) extracts of PM2.5 collected from combustion of seven wood species and briquettes were tested for mutagenic activities using Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The woods werePinuspinaster (maritime pine), Eucalyptus globulus (eucalypt), Quercussuber (cork oak), Acacia longifolia (golden wattle), Quercusfaginea (Portuguese oak), Oleaeuropea (olive), and Quercus ilex rotundifolia (Holm oak). Burning experiments were done using woodstove and fireplace, hot start and cold start. A mutagenic/weak mutagenic response was recorded for all species except golden wattle. The extracts with indirect acting mutagenicity were mainly obtained from fireplace and cold start conditions. The strong mutagenic extracts were not correlated with high emission factors of carcinogenic PAHs. Several samples were weak mutagens at low concentration of PAHs. The negative result recorded for the golden wattle extracts is positive since after confirmation, this species can be recommended for domestic use.(FCT) - PTDC/AMB/65706/2006 (BIOEMI

Pengaruh Tekanan Pembriketan Dan Persentase Briket Campuran Gambut Dan Arang Pelepah Daun Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Karakteristik Pembakaran Briket

Briquettes mixture of peat and charcoal leaf midrib palm oil is one of the alternative energy for replacing fossil fuel energy. It is environmentally friendly and abundant in Indonesia, mainly in South Kalimantan. In this study, the percentage of briquettes mixture of peat and charcoal leaf midrib of palm oil were 50%:50%, 60%:40%, 70%:30%, 80%:20% and 90%:10%, respectively. In addition, 1 gram of starch was added as an adhesive for every variation of briquettes mixture. In briquetting process, the pressures were 10 kg/cm2, 20 kg/cm2 and 30 kg/cm2. The combustion characteristics of briquettes was tested, then it was compared by subbituminous coal briquettes. The results show, ignition delay of briquettes decrease by increasing additional percentage of peat, however extend the burning time of briquettes, consequently the burning rate decrease and the briquettes temperature becomes low. Briquetting pressure affects the combustion characteristics of briquettes. Ignition delay of briquettes decrease by the pressure. On the other hand, extend the burning time of briquettes and decrease the burning rate, however combustion temperatures of briquettes increases. The results also show a comparison of mixture briquettes peat and charcoal palm leaf midrib with subbituminus coal briquettes. The subbituminous coal briquettes produces higher combustion temperature, the longer combustion process and the lowest combustion rate

Implications of Charcoal Briquette Produced by Local Communities on Livelihoods and Environment in Nairobi Kenya

The residents of Nairobi, Kenya, use 700 tonnes of charcoal per day, producing about 88 tonnes of charcoal dust that is found in most of the charcoal retailing stalls that is disposed of in water drainage systems or in black garbage heaps. The high costs of cooking fuel results in poor households using unhealthy materials such as plastic waste. Further, poor households are opting to cook foods that take a short time to prepare irrespective of their nutritional value. This article presents experiences with community self-help groups producing charcoal fuel briquettes from charcoal dust in poorer nieghbourhoods of Nairobi for home use and sale. Households that produced charcoal fuel briquettes for own use and those that bought them saved 70% and 30% of money spent on cooking energy respectively. The charcoal fuel briquettes have been found to be environmentally beneficial since they produce less smoke and increase total cooking energy by more than 15%, thereby saving an equivalent volume of trees that would be cut down for charcoal. Charcoal briquette production is a viable opportunity for good quality and affordable cooking fuel. Bioenergy and waste management initiatives should promote recovery of organic by-products for charcoal briquette production

DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS AIMED AT IMPROVING TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES, DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS AND INCREASING THE SERVICE LIFE OF BRIQUETTE PRESSES

Development of technical solutions for manufacturing and further use advanced roller press having advanced technological capabilities and increased resource exploitation

PERBEDAAN KONSENTRASI PEREKAT PADA BRIKET BIOARANG TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DENGAN TONGKOL JAGUNG TERHADAP WAKTU DIDIH AIR

Background: the potential of biomass as an energy source alternative replacement for kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas. Biocharcoal briquettes is a solid fuel made from waste biomass. Manufacture of biocharcoal briquettes require an adhesive as terminating the powdered charcoal, in addition to gluten can affect the amount of heat and moisture content of biocharcoal briquettes. The purpose of this research is to know the difference in concentration of the adhesive on the biocharcoal briquettes empty palm bunches with corncob boiling water over time. Research methods: experimentation with a Static Group Comparison design. Biocharcoal briquettes of the empty palm bunches and biocharcoal briquettes corncob given concentration adhesive 600 cc, 700 cc, 800 cc and 900 cc to boil water as much as 1000 ml and seen the difference between water boiling between the concentration of gluten. Data were analyzed by Anova and T-test (t-test). Results: biocharcoal briquette palm bunches showed no significant difference between the boiling water with the use of different concentrations of adhesive on the significance 0.136 > 0.05 , while corncob briquettes there is a real difference between the boiling water with the use of different concentrations of adhesive on the significance 0.000 0.05 . Conclusion: there is no real difference between water boiling time of biocharcoal briquettes empty palm bunches on the concentrations of different adhesives, while the biocharcoal briquettes corncob is the water boiling time real difference by using different concentrations of adhesive. There is no real difference between water boiling time briquettes palm bunches with corncobs. Keywords: briquettes, concentration, gluten, corn cobs, empty palm bunche