Open macroeconomics in an open economy

There are three pillars of the new Labour Government''s approach to economic policy: delivering macroeconomic stability, tackling the supply-side barriers to growth and delivering employment and economic opportunities to all. This lecture focuses on the reforms the new government has introduced in order to deliver macroeconomic stability and why open and transparent institutions and procedures are central to those reforms. The lecture sets out four principles for macroeconomic policymaking which flow from changes in the world economy and the world of economic ideas over the past twenty or thirty years. These are:-- the principle of stability through constrained discretion -- the principle of credibility through sound, long-term policies -- the principle of credibility through maximum transparency -- the principle of credibility through pre-commitment. The lecture explains each principle in turn and shows how they are being translated into practice in the macroeconomic policy reforms that the new government is introducing at the Treasury and the Bank of reforms which add up to what is now probably one of the most open and accountable system of economic policymaking in the world

On the algebraic numbers computable by some generalized Ehrenfest urns

This article deals with some stochastic population protocols, motivated by theoretical aspects of distributed computing. We modelize the problem by a large urn of black and white balls from which at every time unit a fixed number of balls are drawn and their colors are changed according to the number of black balls among them. When the time and the number of balls both tend to infinity the proportion of black balls converges to an algebraic number. We prove that, surprisingly enough, not every algebraic number can be "computed" this way

Kneser-Poulsen conjecture for a small number of intersections

The Kneser-Poulsen conjecture says that if a finite collection of balls in a d-dimensional Euclidean space is rearranged so that the distance between each pair of centers does not get smaller, then the volume of the union of these balls also does not get smaller. In this paper we prove that if in the initial configuration the intersection of any two balls has common points with no more than d+1 other balls, then the conjecture holds.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur

How does gravity save or kill Q-balls?

We explore stability of gravitating Q-balls with potential $V_4(\phi)={m^2\over2}\phi^2-\lambda\phi^4+\frac{\phi^6}{M^2}$ via catastrophe theory, as an extension of our previous work on Q-balls with potential $V_3(\phi)={m^2\over2}\phi^2-\mu\phi^3+\lambda\phi^4$. In flat spacetime Q-balls with $V_4$ in the thick-wall limit are unstable and there is a minimum charge $Q_{{\rm min}}$, where Q-balls with $Q<Q_{{\rm min}}$ are nonexistent. If we take self-gravity into account, on the other hand, there exist stable Q-balls with arbitrarily small charge, no matter how weak gravity is. That is, gravity saves Q-balls with small charge. We also show how stability of Q-balls changes as gravity becomes strong.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure

Classical behaviour of Q-balls in the Wick-Cutkosky model

In this paper, we continue discussing Q-balls in the Wick--Cutkosky model. Despite Q-balls in this model are composed of two scalar fields, they turn out to be very useful and illustrative for examining various important properties of Q-balls. In particular, in the present paper we study in detail (analytically and numerically) the problem of classical stability of Q-balls, including the nonlinear evolution of classically unstable Q-balls, as well as the behaviour of Q-balls in external fields in the non-relativistic limit.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures, LaTeX; v2: section 3.3 slightly enlarged, typos corrected, minor changes in the tex

Close-to-convexity of quasihyperbolic and jj-metric balls

We will consider close-to-convexity of the metric balls defined by the quasihyperbolic metric and the $j$-metric. We will show that the $j$-metric balls with small radii are close-to-convex in general subdomains of \Rn and the quasihyperbolic balls with small radii are close-to-convex in the punctured space.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure

Contact graphs of ball packings

A contact graph of a packing of closed balls is a graph with balls as vertices and pairs of tangent balls as edges. We prove that the average degree of the contact graph of a packing of balls (with possibly different radii) in $\mathbb{R}^3$ is not greater than $13.955$. We also find new upper bounds for the average degree of contact graphs in $\mathbb{R}^4$ and $\mathbb{R}^5$

BPS R-balls in N=4 SYM on R X S^3, Quantum Hall Analogy and AdS/CFT Holography

In this paper, we propose a new approach to study the BPS dynamics in N=4 supersymmetric U(N) Yang-Mills theory on R X S^3, in order to better understand the emergence of gravity in the gauge theory. Our approach is based on supersymmetric, space-filling Q-balls with R-charge, which we call R-balls. The usual collective coordinate method for non-topological scalar solitons is applied to quantize the half and quarter BPS R-balls. In each case, a different quantization method is also applied to confirm the results from the collective coordinate quantization. For finite N, the half BPS R-balls with a U(1) R-charge have a moduli space which, upon quantization, results in the states of a quantum Hall droplet with filling factor one. These states are known to correspond to the ``sources'' in the Lin-Lunin-Maldacena geometries in IIB supergravity. For large N, we find a new class of quarter BPS R-balls with a non-commutativity parameter. Quantization on the moduli space of such R-balls gives rise to a non-commutative Chern-Simons matrix mechanics, which is known to describe a fractional quantum Hall system. In view of AdS/CFT holography, this demonstrates a profound connection of emergent quantum gravity with non-commutative geometry, of which the quantum Hall effect is a special case.Comment: 42 pages, 2 figures; v3: a new paragraph on counting unbroken susy of NC R-balls and references adde