Ethiopia’s Third Class Citizens

Ethiopia is a country that is shaped by societal and cultural norms which perpetuate the subordination of Ethiopian women as a way of life. Present issues that continue to plague Ethiopian women include Female Genital Mutilation, Early Marriage, Lack of Adequate Maternal Healthcare, Gender Violence, Lack of Access to Education, Economic and Land Ownership Issues and Lack of Political Participation of Women in the Ethiopian Government. All of these women’s rights issues are both irreprehensible human rights violations and a threat to human security. While most of these practices are against the law, many continue to benefit from these cultural practices, therefore the law is not enforced

Existing Hypotheses about the Emergence of Nonsense Syllables in the Chant Tradition of Teretismata and Kratēmata in Byzantine Music

In the present essay, I review and evaluate the three main hypotheses about the historical background and emergence of the nonsense syllables in the chant tradition of teretismata and kratēmata in Byzantine music. The different historical hypotheses as to the historical roots and development of this singing practice are examined and analyzed thoroughly, namely those of Gregorios Stathis (1979, 2014), Diane Touliatos (1989), and Grigorios Anastasiou (2005). The aim of the analysis is to summarise and discuss the contribution of the up-to-date historical hypotheses to the theoretical approaches of the topic, including the identification of potential flaws, lacunae and inadequacies of their explanatory power. Touliatos takes antiquity as a starting point for her hypothesis and posits the roots of nonsense syllables in the music of Ancient Greece. After a historical gap of several centuries, those syllables reappear in the Byzantine music during the 14th c. Stathis and Anastasiou examine the phenomenon exclusively within the boundaries of Byzantine music. Before reviewing the three hypotheses concerning the historical development of nonsense syllables in Byzantine music, we must consider the sources on which the theories are postulated

Unit Root Investigation With Two Breaks Of Greek Velocity (1858-1938)

In the present article the time series of Greek velocity are investigated for the presence of a unit root, allowing for maximum two breaks which take place at an unknown point in time. This methodology is preferred to conventional Dickey & Fuller tests because the covered time horizon, namely from 1858 to 1938, is characterized by a number of very important events, the nature of which is either economic or historical

Inflation Targeting And The Multiplier Accelerator Principle

In this paper we consider a closed economy and using the multiplier – accelerator principle we develop a simple dynamic New Keynesian type model in our effort to determine the time paths of income, actual and expected inflation towards their long – run equilibrium values. The equilibrium values of actual and expected inflation are proved to be affected by government expenditures and the growth rate nominal money supply. Assuming that the Central Bank is interested in stability of real stock of money supply, we specify the rule of determination of the growth rate in nominal money supply. The use of this rule guarantees the equality between inflation and the growth rate of nominal money supply and permits Central Bank to offset the effects of an expansionary fiscal policy on the real stock of money. The theoretic conclusions of our analysis are affirmed by the simulation results presented in the fourth section of our paper.&nbsp

Trends and unit roots in Greek real money supply, real GDP and nominal interest rate

This paper presents the results of a unit root investigation of Greek real money supply, real G.D.P. and nominal interest rate, after following a sequen - tial procedure which takes into consideration the effect of the possibly erroneus presence or absence of the trend and/or intercept on the augmented Dickey – Fuller unit root test procedure.peer-reviewe

The Influence Of Operational Cost On The Bank’s Profitability And The Welfare Of Its Clients: A Theoretical Approach

This paper deals with the way the rate of operational cost, as a proportion of time deposits, affects the optimal level of a monopolistic bank’s profits as well as the utility of its clients. In particular we prove that the optimal level of banking profits is negatively related to the rate of operational cost, while changes of the latter affect negatively the time deposit rate and positively the lending rate. As a result of these changes in interest rates, the utility of both borrowers and depositors is proved diminished