Introdução dos Elementos da Harmonia Funcional na Aprendizagem da Guitarra

O presente relatório é realizado no âmbito da Unidade Curricular de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, do Mestrado em Ensino de Música no Instituto Piaget de Viseu. O mesmo desenvolve-se em torno da introdução dos elementos da harmonia funcional na aprendizagem da guitarra. Enquanto estudante de guitarra clássica e como professor estagiário no Conservatório Bomfim em Braga, observei alunos com dificuldades na identificação dos acordes da guitarra, bem como na identificação dos encadeamentos harmónicos. Durante o meu percurso constatei a dificuldade em encontrar de forma estruturada os conceitos que enquadrassem todos os pontos relevantes para a aprendizagem e prática dos elementos da harmonia funcional no ensino da guitarra, pelo que me propus a investigar e trabalhar este tema. A harmonia funcional apresenta uma abordagem diferenciada de conceitos e práticas conhecidas, adaptadas a uma outra realidade expressiva. Cada acorde relaciona-se com o todo de um determinado centro tonal, sendo diferente da harmonia tradicional que classifica o acorde relacionando-o apenas com a posição do baixo na escala. O projeto de intervenção pedagógica teve como metodologia uma Investigação-Ação, baseando-se num ciclo de quatro fases essenciais: planificação, ação, observação e reflexão. Na minha intervenção, realizei dois questionários em plataforma digital google forms, um antes da intervenção, com o intuito de observar o conhecimento prévio dos alunos em relação a este tema, e outro após a mesma, procurando este analisar o conhecimento adquirido pelos estudantes, utilizando assim, as competências adquiridas pelos alunos, os seus pontos de vista, como forma de observar o sucesso ou insucesso desta experiência. Procurei também aproximar mais a relação entre alunos e professores, focando nas necessidades específicas de cada aluno

São Camilo de Léllis: Caridade e bondade na prestação do cuidado

O objeto do estudo é a representação pictórica do cuidado prestado por Camilo de Léllis, tendo por objetivo: apresentar a trajetória de vida de Camilo de Lellis; mostrar os cuidados prestados por Camilo de Léllis, por meio da representação pictórica de Pierre Hubert Subleyras (1745) e comentar a trajetória dos cuidados por ele prestada, como contribuição para a construção do conhecimento da História da Enfermagem. Método: Os passos seguidos para atendimento da investigação foram à busca de literatura de aderência articulada à representação pictórica proposta. Isto implicou, em síntese, na apresentação da biografia de Camilo de Léllis e a decodificação dos atributos em tela analisada. O resultado evidenciou o cuidado, para além do corpo físico, mas da alma, na cura das enfermidades com normas e sistematização no século XVIII.El objeto de estudio es la representación pictórica de los cuidados prestados por Camilo de Lelis, teniendo como objetivo: presentar la trayectoria de vida de Camillus de Lellis; mostrar los cuidados realizados por Camilo de Léllis, por medio de la representación pictórica del Pierre Hubert Subleyras (1745) y comentar su trayectoria de los cuidados como contribución a la construcción del conocimiento de la historia de la enfermería. Método: los pasos seguidos para la investigación se ciñeron a la búsqueda de la literatura de la propuesta de adhesión articulada representación pictórica propuesta. Esto exigió, en resumen, la presentación de la biografía de Camilo de Léllis y la descodificación de los atributos de pantalla examinados. El resultado mostró el cuidado, además del cuerpo físico, sino el alma, la curación de enfermedades con estándares y sistematización en el siglo XVIII.The object of this study is the pictorial representation of the care provided by Camilo de Léllis, which has as objective: to present the life trajectory of Camillus de Lellis; to show the care provided by Camilo de Léllis, through the pictorial representation of Pierre Hubert Subleyras (1745) and comment the trajectory of caring given by him, as a contribution to the construction of the knowledge of the history of nursing. Method: steps followed for the investigation were the search of the literature of the articulated pictorial representation adhesion proposal. This entailed, in summary, a presentation of a biography of Camilo de Léllis and the decoding of the screen attributes examined. The result showed a care of the soul, beyond the physical body, in healing of illnesses with standards and systematization in the 18th century

Produção de matéria seca, composição química e radicular de leguminosas forrageiras tropicais semeadas por fezes bovinas

Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e radicular e composição bromatológica de três leguminosas forrageiras tropicais (Clitorea ternatea, Macrotyloma axillare e Neonotonia wightii) que após terem suas sementes passadas pelo trato digestório de bovinos, germinaram e se desenvolveram em placas fecais bovinas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial 3 (espécies) x 3 (intervalos de dispersão: entre 12 e 18; entre 18 e 24, entre 24 e 30 h), com quatro repetições. Foram oferecidos 50 g de sementes misturadas a 150 g de suplemento mineral para bovinos (5 animais) por repetição. As fezes bovinas foram coletadas e alocadas em vasos, onde permaneceram por 120 dias. Ao fim deste período, as plantas presentes nas fezes foram contadas e cortadas e foram realizadas analises para determinação da produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e radicular, teor de proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA). As plantas desenvolvidas nas fezes foram capazes de produzir 2,54 g de MS por planta. A espécie soja perene apresentou a maior produção de matéria seca da parte aérea (2,81 g/planta) e radicular (2,05 g/planta). Os teores de PB, FDN e FDA não sofreram alterações dentro dos períodos de dispersão em que as sementes foram cultivadas

Prototype of an affordable pressure-controlled emergency mechanical ventilator for COVID-19

We present a viable prototype of a simple mechanical ventilator intended as a last resort to ventilate COVID-19 patients. The prototype implements the pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation mode (PC-CMV) with settable breathing rates, inspiration/expiration time ratios and FiO2 modulation. Although safe, the design aims to minimize the use of technical components and those used are common in industry, so its construction may be possible in times of logistical shortage or disruption or in areas with reduced access to technical materials and at a moderate cost, affordable to lower income countries. Most of the device can be manufactured by modest technical means and construction plans are provided.Comment: This version differs from version 2 in that it includes toxicological and bio-safety tests and updated electronic

Early Holocene ritual complexity in South America: the archaeological record of Lapa do Santo (east-central Brazil)

Early Archaic human skeletal remains found in a burial context in Lapa do Santo in eastcentral Brazil provide a rare glimpse into the lives of hunter-gatherer communities in South America, including their rituals for dealing with the dead. These included the reduction of the body by means of mutilation, defleshing, tooth removal, exposure to fire and possibly cannibalism, followed by the secondary burial of the remains according to strict rules. In a later period, pits were filled with disarticulated bones of a single individual without signs of body manipulation, demonstrating that the region was inhabited by dynamic groups in constant transformation over a period of centuries

Is it really advantageous to operate proximal femoral fractures within 48 h from diagnosis? – A multicentric retrospective study exploiting COVID pandemic-related delays in time to surgery

Objectives: Hip fractures in the elderly are common injuries that need timely surgical management. Since the beginning of the pandemic, patients with a proximal femoral fracture (PFF) experienced a delay in time to surgery. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate a possible variation in mortality in patients with PFF when comparing COVID-19 negative versus positive. Methods: This is a multicentric and retrospective study including 3232 patients with PFF who underwent surgical management. The variables taken into account were age, gender, the time elapsed between arrival at the emergency room and intervention, pre-operative American Society of Anesthesiology score, pre-operative cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and 10-day/1-month/6-month mortality. For 2020, we had an additional column, “COVID-19 swab positivity.” Results: COVID-19 infection represents an independent mortality risk factor in patients with PFFs. Despite the delay in time-to-surgery occurring in 2020, no statistically significant variation in terms of mortality was detected. Within our sample, a statistically significant difference was not detected in terms of mortality at 6 months, in patients operated within and beyond 48 h, as well as no difference between those operated within or after 12/24/72 h. The mortality rate among subjects with PFF who tested positive for COVID-19 was statistically significantly higher than in patients with PFF who tested. COVID-19 positivity resulted in an independent factor for mortality after PFF. Conclusion: Despite the most recent literature recommending operating PFF patients as soon as possible, no significant difference in mortality was found among patients operated before or after 48 h from diagnosis

Influenza Infectious Dose May Explain the High Mortality of the Second and Third Wave of 1918–1919 Influenza Pandemic

BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that the shift in case-fatality rate between waves during the 1918 influenza pandemic was due to a genetic change in the virus. In animal models, the infectious dose of influenza A virus was associated to the severity of disease which lead us to propose a new hypothesis. We propose that the increase in the case-fatality rate can be explained by the dynamics of disease and by a dose-dependent response mediated by the number of simultaneous contacts a susceptible person has with infectious ones. METHODS: We used a compartment model with seasonality, waning of immunity and a Holling type II function, to model simultaneous contacts between a susceptible person and infectious ones. In the model, infected persons having mild or severe illness depend both on the proportion of infectious persons in the population and on the level of simultaneous contacts between a susceptible and infectious persons. We further allowed for a high or low rate of waning immunity and volunteer isolation at different times of the epidemic. RESULTS: In all scenarios, case-fatality rate was low during the first wave (Spring) due to a decrease in the effective reproduction number. The case-fatality rate in the second wave (Autumn) depended on the ratio between the number of severe cases to the number of mild cases since, for each 1000 mild infections only 4 deaths occurred whereas for 1000 severe infections there were 20 deaths. A third wave (late Winter) was dependent on the rate for waning immunity or on the introduction of new susceptible persons in the community. If a group of persons became voluntarily isolated and returned to the community some days latter, new waves occurred. For a fixed number of infected persons the overall case-fatality rate decreased as the number of waves increased. This is explained by the lower proportion of infectious individuals in each wave that prevented an increase in the number of severe infections and thus of the case-fatality rate. CONCLUSION: The increase on the proportion of infectious persons as a proxy for the increase of the infectious dose a susceptible person is exposed, as the epidemic develops, can explain the shift in case-fatality rate between waves during the 1918 influenza pandemic.TD acknowledges the support of the Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia through grant PPCDT/AMB/55701/2004. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Fenologia e acúmulo térmico em videiras viníferas na região da Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a exigência térmica, obtida por diferentes métodos de cálculo, para caracterizar a fenologia das videiras (Vitis vinifera) 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Tannat', 'Ruby Cabernet' e 'Merlot', cultivadas na Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. O desenvolvimento fenológico foi acompanhado durante cinco safras - 2005/2006 a 2009/2010. As temperaturas mínimas e máximas do ar foram coletadas diariamente e foram testados oito métodos de soma térmica: M1.1, M1.2 e M1.3, que utilizaram somente a temperatura base inferior (10°C); M2.1 e M2.2, que consideraram também a temperatura ótima de desenvolvimento de 25°C; e M3.1, M3.2 e M3.3 que, além das anteriores, utilizaram 35°C como temperatura base superior do desenvolvimento. Estes métodos foram comparados pelo erro-padrão das estimativas de soma térmica. O teste SNK foi utilizado para a comparação da exigência térmica entre as cultivares. O método M3.3 foi o que melhor simulou o desenvolvimento em 'Tannat' e 'Merlot' (1.823,1 e 1.780,8 graus-dia respectivamente). No entanto, o menor desvio foi obtido em 'Cabernet Sauvignon' e 'Ruby Cabernet', pelo método M3.1 (1.958,9 e 1.944,8 graus-dia respectivamente). Os métodos que empregaram as três temperaturas cardinais apresentaram maior precisão. 'Tannat' e 'Merlot' são as cultivares de videira que apresentam a menor exigência térmica para completar o ciclo

Nationwide access to endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in portugal

Publisher Copyright: Copyright Ordem dos M dicos 2021.Introduction: Since the publication of endovascular treatment trials and European Stroke Guidelines, Portugal has re-organized stroke healthcare. The nine centers performing endovascular treatment are not equally distributed within the country, which may lead to differential access to endovascular treatment. Our main aim was to perform a descriptive analysis of the main treatment metrics regarding endovascular treatment in mainland Portugal and its administrative districts. Material and Methods: A retrospective national multicentric cohort study was conducted, including all ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular treatment in mainland Portugal over two years (July 2015 to June 2017). All endovascular treatment centers contributed to an anonymized database. Demographic, stroke-related and procedure-related variables were collected. Crude endovascular treatment rates were calculated per 100 000 inhabitants for mainland Portugal, and each district and endovascular treatment standardized ratios (indirect age-sex standardization) were also calculated. Patient time metrics were computed as the median time between stroke onset, first-door, and puncture. Results: A total of 1625 endovascular treatment procedures were registered. The endovascular treatment rate was 8.27/100 000 inhabitants/year. We found regional heterogeneity in endovascular treatment rates (1.58 to 16.53/100 000/year), with higher rates in districts closer to endovascular treatment centers. When analyzed by district, the median time from stroke onset to puncture ranged from 212 to 432 minutes, reflecting regional heterogeneity. Discussion: Overall endovascular treatment rates and procedural times in Portugal are comparable to other international registries. We found geographic heterogeneity, with lower endovascular treatment rates and longer onset-to-puncture time in southern and inner regions. Conclusion: The overall national rate of EVT in the first two years after the organization of EVT-capable centers is one of the highest among European countries, however, significant regional disparities were documented. Moreover, stroke-onset-to-first-door times and in-hospital procedural times in the EVT centers were comparable to those reported in the randomized controlled trials performed in high-volume tertiary hospitalspublishersversionpublishe