Adelante / Endavant

Séptimo desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere "Purificación Escribano" de la Universitat Jaume

Comparaciones de modelos para el cálculo de la distribución prognóstica

La solución bayesiana a diferentes problemas de predicción lleva consigo el cálculo de la distribución prognóstica. En este trabajo se calcula dicha distribución mediante diferentes modelos paramétricos, comparándose después por dos técnicas. Para todo ello se han confeccionado diversos algoritmos, que escritos en FORTRAN IV, constituyen el software indicado para la resolución, en la práctica, de soluciones reales que se ajustan a los modelos teóricos aquí propuesto

Algunas consideraciones sobre la información generalizada

De Groot ha definido una medida de información que generaliza la información de Kullback como medida de discrepancia entre dos distribuciones. En el presente artículo definimos la información modal, como caso particular de la información generalizada, la cual servirá para demostrar que las principales propiedades de la información de Kullback no se verifican para la medida dada por De Groo

Metodo de Evaluación en campo libre de los umbrales en pacientes con Implante Coclear: Utilidad de los potenciales evocados auditivos de estado estable para la valoracion del rendimiento Objetivo de los Implantes Cocleares

The evaluation of functional gain in free field in patients with cochlear implants is a fundamental element in clinical audiology. An objective tool is the Multi-frequency Auditory Steady-State Responses (MF-ASSR) that allow this evaluation of functional gain. This work aims to demonstrate the clinical value of MF-ASSR in the objective characterization of hearing thresholds in patients with a cochlear implant. This clinical-electrophysiological study has been carried out in 14 patients, all of them with cochlear implants, and aged between 2 and 14 years, for which there are 44 records. For each record there are 8 measurements (2 for each of the 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz frequencies) of the functional gain in free field measured by two methods: behavioral thresholds (BT) and electrophysiological thresholds obtained with the MF-ASSR (ET) . The MF-ASSRs have been carried out in free field, in natural sleeping conditions and in a soundproofed cabin. Likewise, each patient has undergone a free-field behavioral study that has allowed us to compare the BT with the ET. The mean values ​​of the evoked potentials are lower than the UC, for the frequencies of 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000 Hz and also the behavior according to the frequencies is the same. The values ​​of the mean differences (BT-ET) are represented in Figure 4, the largest differences being at 500Hz (1.50 dBHL) and 4000Hz (1.49 dBHL) respectively. The difference between both types of UC and UE thresholds varies from 1 dBHL to 1.5 dBHL, these differences not being statistically significant. These results conclude that the audiometry obtained with MF-ASSR constitutes an objective methodology that allows to provide valuable and very useful information for the characterization of hearing thresholds in free field in patients with cochlear implants.La evaluación de la ganancia funcional en campo libre, en pacientes con implantes cocleares, constituye un elemento fundamental en la audiología clínica. Una herramienta objetiva son los Potenciales Evocados Auditivos de estado estable a múltiples frecuencias (PEAee MF) que permiten esta evaluación de la ganancia funcional. Este trabajo pretende demostrar el valor clínico de los PEAee MF en la caracterización objetiva de los umbrales auditivos en pacientes con implante coclear. Este estudio clínico-electrofisiológico se ha llevado a cabo en 14 pacientes, todos ellos portadores de implantes cocleares, y de edades comprendidas entre 2 y 14 años, para los que se tiene 44 registros. Para cada registro se tienen 8 medidas (2 para cada una de las frecuencias 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz y 4000Hz) de la ganancia funcional en campo libre medidas mediante dos métodos: umbrales conductuales (UC) y umbrales obtenidos con los PEAee MF (UE). Los PEAee MF se han realizado en campo libre, en condiciones de sueño natural y en una cabina sonoamortiguada. Así mismo, a cada paciente se le ha realizado un estudio conductual en campo libre que nos ha permitido comparar los umbrales conductuales (UC) con los umbrales obtenidos con los PEAee MF (UE). Los valores medios de los potenciales evocados (UE) quedan por debajo que los UC, para las frecuencias de 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz y 4000 Hz y además el comportamiento según las frecuencias es el mismo. Los valores de las diferencias de las medias (UC-UE) se representa en la figura 4, siendo las mayores diferencias a los 500Hz (1.50 dBHL) y 4000Hz (1.49 dBHL) respectivamente. La diferencia entre ambos tipos de umbrales UC y UE varía de 1 dBHL a 1.5 dBHL, no siendo estas diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Estos resultados concluyen que la audiometría obtenida con PEAee a MF constituye una metodología objetiva que permite aportar una información valiosa y muy útil para la caracterización de los umbrales auditivos en campo libre en pacientes con implantes cocleares

Immunocytochemical detection of synaptophysin in C57BL/6 mice cochlea during aging process

Aged mammals frequently exhibit a bilateral, progressive, and symmetric deafness related to the degeneration of auditory receptor. However, little is still known about aging effects on synapses in this receptor. Synaptophysin (Syp) is a 38 kDa Ca2+ binding glycoprotein widely found in presynaptic membrane and vesicles. The Syp has been found in presynaptic buttons of efferent auditory fibers, within the developing and adult auditory receptor. The detection of Syp in aged cochleae could provide relevant information about synaptic changes and receptor degeneration process observed in old animals. This paper focuses on aging linked changes related to the presence of Syp in cochleae of C57BL/6J mice (from 1 to 24 months old). Results showed that during the first months of age, no significant changes were observed in the Syp distribution under the basal pole of inner (IHCs) neither the outer (OHCs) hair cells. At six months of age, a significant decrease of Syp immunocytochemical detection appeared in fibers under the most external row of OHCs, but restricted to the cochlear basal coil. Only a very scarce reduction of Syp was noted under the IHC and the other OHC rows, also at the basal coil. From mice 9 months old on, a progressive decrease of the presence of Syp was found under IHC and all OHC rows starting at the basal coil and reaching the apical coil in the oldest mice. All these data could indicate that the cochlea aging process early affects to presynaptic membrane proteins of efferent endings fibers. This early alteration of cochleae efferent synapses could be involved in the whole degeneration of the Corti's organ.Universidad Complutense de MadridDepto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORLFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu

The Impact of Adult ADHD in the Quality of Life Profile

In this multicenter, cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the quality of life (QoL) and the neuropsychological and clinical characteristics of adults with ADHD with different developmental pathways. Method: Our study sample included 25 control (healthy) participants, 31 patients with newly diagnosed ADHD without comorbidities (ADHD-C-D), 31 with newly diagnosed ADHD with comorbidities (ADHD+C-D), and 29 with previously diagnosed ADHD with comorbidities (ADHD+C+D). Results: Compared with controls, ADHDs had little differences in the attentional performance but showed higher impulsivity, more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety, and lower QoL. The ADHD+C-D group showed more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety than the ADHD+C+D group (p = .037 and p = .008, respectively), and poorer QoL in the psychological health sphere (p = .003). Conclusion: Differences between ADHD and control subjects were particularly remarkable in mood symptoms and QoL. Previous diagnosis might have a positive impact on mood symptoms and QoL in ADHD adultsDepto. de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y PatologíaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu

Self-perception of the acquisition of transferable competencies by the participants in a research congress for undergraduate students: A cross-sectional study

Context: Several curricular initiatives have been developed to improve the acquisition of research competencies by Health Science students. Objectives: To know how students self-perceived of whether their participation in the XIV National Research Congress for Undergraduate Students of Health Sciences had helped them in the acquisition of 36 research-related transferable competencies (TCs) common to Health Science degrees. Methods: A survey design (Cronbach's alpha = 0.924), using a self-administered questionnaire, was conducted among undergraduate students who voluntarily participated in the Congress. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25 and Statgraphics 19. Statistical significance was considered for P < 0.05. Results: Eighty-one students from 12 Health Science degree programs responded. Key findings are presented in a structured manner, using a Likert-5 scale. Twenty-five of the competencies surveyed obtained an average ≥ 4 highlighting: "Critically evaluate and know how to use sources of clinical and biomedical information to obtain, organize, interpret, and communicate scientific and health information"; "To be able to formulate hypotheses, collect and critically evaluate information for problem solving, following the scientific method", "Critical analysis and research" and "Communicate effectively and clearly, orally and in writing with other professionals". Significance was found in 15 competencies. The development of the competencies "Teamwork", "Critical reasoning" and "Analysis and synthesis abilities" was considered to be of greater "personal utility" by the respondents. Conclusion: Participation in this event contributed to the development of research-related TCs, critical analysis and information management and communication, especially in relation to learning the sources of clinical and biomedical information, to know, following the scientific method, how to formulate hypotheses that allow students to solve problems in their professional activity. The experience was significantly influenced by the respondents' year, the type of participation in the event and the gender of the students. Limitations and suggestions regarding future research are discussed to encourage further exploration of the topic.Universidad Complutense de MadridDepto. de Farmacología y ToxicologíaDepto. de FisiologíaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu

S-Adenosylmethionine Decreases Bacterial Translocation, Proinflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Markers in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Wistar Rats

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) can seriously impair liver function. It is initiated by oxidative stress, resulting in inflammation and apoptosis-induced cellular damage. Glutathione (GSH) prevents oxidative stress. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMet) is a GSH synthesis precursor that avoids the deficit in SAMet-synthetase activity and contributes to intracellular ATP repletion. It also acts as a methyl group donor, stabilizing hepatocyte membranes, among other functions. This study investigated the effect of SAMet on bacterial translocation and levels of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers in male Wistar rats subjected to hepatic IRI. Animals were randomly divided into six groups: (1) sham operation, (3) animals undergoing 60 min of ischemia of the right lateral lobe for temporary occlusion of the portal vein and hepatic artery plus 10 min of reperfusion, and (5) the same as (3) but with a reperfusion period of 120 min. Groups 2, 4 and 6, respectively, are the same as (1), (3) and (5), except that animals received SAMet (20 mg/kg) 15 min before ischemia. GSH, ATP, lipid peroxidation (LPO), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, total caspase-1 and caspase-9, total and cleaved caspase-3, and phosphatidylcholine were determined in the liver. Endotoxin, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and LPO in vena cava and portal vein blood samples were also measured. Endotoxin and LPO levels as well as proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers increased significantly in animals undergoing IRI, both after 10 and 120 min of reperfusion. IRI produced a significant decrease in GSH, ATP, portal IL-10 and phosphatidylcholine. SAMet treatment prevented these effects significantly and increased survival rate. The study suggests that SAMet exerts protective effects in hepatic IRI.Universidad Complutense de MadridComunidad de MadridDepto. de FisiologíaDepto. de Estadística e Investigación OperativaDepto. de Bioquímica y Biología MolecularFac. de MedicinaTRUEpubDescuento UC

Hematological, biochemical, and endocrine parameters in acute response to increasing-intensity exercise in Colombian Paso horses

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir los parámetros hematológicos, bioquímicos y endocrinos en la respuesta aguda al ejercicio de intensidad creciente en caballos de Paso colombianos (CPC). Se realizó una prueba estandarizada de ejercicio de campo en 11 CPC adultos no entrenados de ambos sexos. Las variables de interés se midieron antes y después de la prueba (esto es, hematocrito, proteínas plasmáticas totales, creatina quinasa, creatinina, nitrógeno ureico en sangre —NUS, aspartato aminotransferasa, gamma glutamil transpeptidasa, triglicéridos, colesterol, fosfatasa alcalina, cortisol, insulina, niveles de azúcar en sangre). Se encontró evidencia de activación de la respuesta simpática-adrenérgica, descrita para otras razas y disciplinas deportivas ecuestres (esto es, hemoconcentración, cambio negativo en el volumen plasmático, ligero aumento de la creatinina y NUS). Además, se encontró evidencia de movilización y uso de fuentes de energía como glucosa y triglicéridos. En conclusión, el ejercicio de intensidad creciente realizado durante una prueba de campo estandarizada produjo un cambio negativo en el volumen plasmático y la activación de la clásica respuesta simpática-adrenérgica en los CPC.The present study aimed to describe the hematological, biochemical, and endocrine parameters in acute response to increasing-intensity exercise in Colombian Paso horses (CPHs). A standardized field exercise test was carried out on 11 untrained adult CPHs of both sexes. The variables of interest were measured before and after the test (i.e. hematocrit, total plasma proteins, creatine kinase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen —BUN, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, triglycerides, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, cortisol, insulin, blood sugar levels). Evidence of sympathetic-adrenergic response activation, described for other breeds and equestrian sports disciplines (i.e. hemoconcentration, negative change in plasma volume, slight increase in creatinine and BUN) was found. In addition, evidence of mobilization and use of energy sources such as glucose and triglycerides was found. In conclusion, the increasing-intensity exercise carried out during a standardized field test produced a negative change in plasma volume and the activation of the classic sympathetic-adrenergic response in CPHs

El formato vídeo como herramienta para el aprendizaje de la Histología. Implementación de “HistoApp” para la autoevaluación individual y asistida del alumno como refuerzo para el aprendizaje

Depto. de Biología CelularFac. de MedicinaFALSEsubmitte