Medium Modification of Jet Fragmentation in Au + Au Collisions at √sNN=200 GeV Measured in Direct Photon-Hadron Correlations

The jet fragmentation function is measured with direct photon-hadron correlations in p+p and Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200  GeV. The pT of the photon is an excellent approximation to the initial pT of the jet and the ratio zT=phT/pγT is used as a proxy for the jet fragmentation function. A statistical subtraction is used to extract the direct photon-hadron yields in Au+Au collisions while a photon isolation cut is applied in p+p. IAA, the ratio of hadron yield opposite the photon in Au+Au to that in p+p, indicates modification of the jet fragmentation function. Suppression, most likely due to energy loss in the medium, is seen at high zT. The associated hadron yield at low zT is enhanced at large angles. Such a trend is expected from redistribution of the lost energy into increased production of low-momentum particles

Evaluating clustering methods on topographic and hidrological features on lidar data at forest environment.

The acquisition of high resolution geographic data through laser technology has recently being expanded due to the development of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) system. This technology?s growth is relying on its great ability to acquire information in large quantity and short time. The geographic data provided from laser scanning is capable of raising information for coast planning, assess flooding risk, power transmission network and telecommunication, forests, agriculture, oil, transportation, urban planning, mining, among others (GIONGO et al., 2010). LiDAR technology follows the same principles as the RADAR system, with the difference of using laser pulses to locate features, instead of radio waves. Not only for its ability to deal with large amounts of information in such a short period of time, LiDAR has the advantage upon the classic passive sensors (aerial photographs and satellite images) of not depending on a source of light, and so its data will never present shadows from clouds or neighboring features (GIONGO et al., 2010). Data from LiDAR sensor is distributed in a point cloud where each point has at least three-dimensional spatial coordinates (latitude, longitude and height) that correspond to a particular point on the Earth?s surface from which the laser pulse was reflected. Once LiDAR data is acquired the next step is use algorithms that separate points (also referred to as returns) on the point cloud that represents the ground and the ones above the ground level, those algorithms can then process series of interpolation that allows the operator to generate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). In order to add information for the points within the DEM, labeling those returns following a pattern and then grouping them on clusters is useful as one of the steps in exploratory data analysis. Several methodologies were developed to organize a pattern of points in a multidimensional space into clusters based on similarity. Points belonging to the same cluster are given the same label and present a pattern where they are more similar to each other than they are to a pattern belonging to a different cluster (JAIN et al., 1999). One example to apply this technology on forestry activities is the application of silvicultural treatment to improve the forest?s productivity, where the decision is taken considering characteristics from the site and sites with similar characteristics may have the same silvicultural system. The variety of techniques for grouping data elements has produced a rich and often confusing assortment of clustering methods. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies grouping topologic and hydrologic variables at forested environments. The goal of this survey is to evaluate k-means and CLARA clustering techniques on a LiDAR-derived DEM from southern Amazonia, in the municipality of Cotriguaçu, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Distribution of cystic fibrosis patients not eligible to studied CFTR modulators in Europe

Studied Cystic Fibrosis (CF) modulators have been announced to cover 90% of all CF patients. A genotype-agnostic novel therapy for CF is under development, which will focus on people with CFwho have mutations that are not eligible for the approved small molecule modulators and triple combination therapies. The data in the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry (ECFSPR) are used to provide a quantitative overview of eligible patients. Patients who are alive and seen during the 2017, or alive and not seenwere considered (excluding France who delivered the data directly to the sponsor). Not considered were patients F508del homozygotes eligible for elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor, tezacaftor/ivacaftor, lumacaftor/ivacaftor, or heterozygotes eligible for elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. Neither were patients with at least one of the following mutations: E56 K, P67L, R74W, D110E, D110H, R117C, E193 K, L206W, R347H, R352Q, A455E, D579G, 711 +3A->G, E831X, S945L, S977F, F1052 V, K1060 T, A1067 T, R1070W, F1074L, D1152H, D1270N, 2789+5G->A, 3272-26A->G, 3849+10kbC->T (eligible for tezacaftor/ivacaftor, ivacaftor) and R117H, G178R, S549N, S549R, G551D, G551S, G1069R, R1070Q, G1244E, S1251N, S1255P, G1349D (eligible for ivacaftor). From the 41,264 patients registered in the ECFSPR for the 2017, 4,798 patients (12%) carry a genotype that is not eligible to the currentlyapproved modulators or the triple combo. The percentage of non-eligible patients varies from 2,3% in Ireland to 71,9% in Armenia. 2,954 of these patients are 11 years or older, 1,561 have a FEV1% of predicted value between 40% and 90%. In Europe approximately 88% of the patients will be eligible for the currently approved modulators or triple combo, in some countries this percentage is below 50%. With the ECFSPR data, a realistic and useful overviewcould be created to support the design of a study for patients that are not eligible to the currently available modulator and triple combination therapies

The European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry (ECFSPR) data validation programme: accuracy and consistency of data

Background: The ECFSPR database for 2016 contains data of 44,719 patients from 31 countries. Data of high quality is essential for use in annual reports and epidemiological research. Methods: A validation programme was introduced to quantify consistency and accuracy of data-input at source level, with on-site visits to countries entering data directly in the ECFSTracker software. Data fields to verify: demographic, diagnostic and transplantation, anthropometric and best lung function measurement, bacterial infections, medications and complications. Accuracy was defined as the proportion of values entered in ECFSTracker matching the medical record, and definitions used by the ECFSPR (consistency) for randomly selected cases. Results: Ten out of 41 centres (24%) in 4 countries (Austria, Portugal, Slovakia, Switzerland), reporting 6550% of all patients in their countries, were selected. Demographic, diagnostic and transplant data were checked for 489 patients (21%*), clinical data for 463 patients (20%*) (2016 data). Data on birth, gender, and transplantation exceeded 98.8% accuracy. Anomalies on reported mutations was 0.9%; reliable source data based on genetic reports, were available in 3 out of 4 countries in 95,9%- 91,9% of all patients, 55,5% in one country. Antropometry (92,2%), lung function (86,4%), inhaled antibiotics (96.1%), DNase (89.1%), pancreatic enzyme use (97.6%) were accurate and consistent with the ECFSPR definitions, so were chronic Pseudomonas (95.0%), Burkholderia infection (97.0%), and hemoptysis (94.6%). Liver disease was reported inconsistently due to different interpretation of the definition and resulted in an accuracy of 86.8%. Conclusions: The ECFSPR dataset is highly accurate for most data verified at source level. To further optimize we recommend centres to use a reliable source for genetic information, adhere to the definition of best lung function, and the ECFSPR to redefine liver disease. *of the total patients in these countries

Perda de água e sedimentos em diferentes usos do solo.

No Brasil, um dos principais fatores de degradação dos solos é a erosão hídrica, amplificada na decorrência da interferência antrópica, por isso, a avaliação das perdas de solo nos processos de produção agrícola assume importância fundamental na escolha e adoção de práticas que visam minimizar sua degradação. Neste contexto o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o escoamento superficial, a perda de solo e as correlações entre o volume escoado superficialmente e o aporte de sedimentos em diferentes usos do solo. O presente estudo foi conduzido no campo experimental da Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, município de Sinop (MT). Os tratamentos foram: a parcela com solo descoberto, parcela iLPF (integração lavoura, pecuária, floresta), com o componente arbóreo (eucalipto), parcela com eucalipto e parcela com lavoura (safra 2012/2013 com soja/milho). O solo foi classificado como Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico textura muito argilosa. O registro diário das chuvas ocorridas no período foi feito utilizando um pluviômetro digital e os valores obtidos foram utilizados na determinação do índice de Erosividade (EI30). Os dados de perda de sedimentos e água foram obtidos em parcelas de 132 m 2 , sendo 6 m de largura e 22 m de comprimento, delimitadas na parte superior e nas laterais por chapas galvanizadas munidas por calhas coletoras metálicas em seus limites inferiores. Para tanto, toda enxurrada escoada superficialmente era conduzida até a calha coletora, localizada na parte mais baixa da parcela, contando que as parcelas possuem declividade média de 1,5%. Os sedimentos grosseiros foram coletados em sacos de algodão e a perda de solo foi a contabilização da massa seca dos sedimentos grosseiros com o solo em suspensão. Como resultados pode-se concluir que maiores perdas de água não resultaram necessariamente em maiores perda de solo; e com exceção do tratamento sem cobertura vegetal (SSC), todos os demais tratamentos apresentaram perdas de solo menores do que o limite de tolerância anual

Análise dos serviços ecossistêmicos nos diferentes biomas brasileiros: uma revisão sistemática.

Resumo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar na literatura as tendências das técnicas e métodos utilizados para definição de serviços ecossistêmicos nos diferentes Biomas Brasileiro. A metodologia adotada foi a revisão sistemática utilizando base de dados de pesquisa Agropecuária (BDPA), Repositório Acesso Livre à Informação Científica da Embrapa (ALICE), entre outros. Para o estudo foram selecionadas 143 publicações no período de 2000 até 2020. A margem de tempo cronológico identificou que a maioria dos estudos realizados pertence ao Bioma Cerrado, com 54 estudos desenvolvidos, em seguida na Mata Atlântica (28), no Bioma Amazônico (8), nos Pampas (4) e no Bioma Pantanal não foi encontrado. As metodologias adotadas são baseadas em monitoramento, modelagem, SIG e estatística (38%), as demais enfatizam metodologias como entrevista, semiestrutura, experiências de campo, entre outras. Alguns trabalhos utilizam o software InVEST para ofertas de serviços ecossistêmicos baseados na redução de erosão, aporte de sedimentos, estudos hidrológicos e mudanças no uso do solo. Outros autores utilizaram modelagem e análise de multicritérios para avaliar e quantificar os serviços ecossistêmicos e as mudanças no uso e cobertura do solo. A partir da revisão sistemática foi possível identificar um panorama das metodologias que estão sendo adotadas na literatura e quais podem fornecer informações relevantes para a análise de provimentos de serviços ecossistêmicos. | Abstract: This article aims to analyze the trends in techniques and methods used to define Ecosystem Services (ES) through different Biomes in Brazil. We made a systematic review using the Agricultural Research Database (BDPA). Repository, provided by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), among others. For this study, we assessed 143 publications from 2000 to 2020 period. The majority of studies carried out were focused on the Cerrado Biome, with 54 studies, followed by the Atlantic Forest (28 studies), the Amazon Biome (8 studies) and Pampas (4 studies). No study was found for the Pantanal Biome. Most parts of the methodologies used to assess ES are based on monitoring, modeling, GIS and statistics (38%). Approaches focused on methodologies such as interviews, semi-structured interviews, as well as field assessments were also identified. The InVEST software was also used when authors focused on ecosystem services based on erosion reduction, sediment input, hydrological studies, and changes in land use. Other authors have used multi-criteria modeling and analysis approaches to assess and quantify ecosystem services and changes in land use and cover. We provided in this study a systematic review of the most common methodologies adopted in the literature to assess ES and which can provide relevant information for the analysis of ecosystem service provision in the Brazilian biomes. | Abstracto: El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las tendencias en la literatura sobre las técnicas y métodos utilizados para definir los servicios ecosistémicos en los diferentes biomas brasileños. La metodología adoptada fue una revisión sistemática utilizando la Base de Datos de Investigación Agropecuaria (BDPA), el Repositorio de Acceso Abierto a la Información Científica (ALICE) de Embrapa, entre otros. El estudio seleccionó 143 publicaciones entre 2000 y 2020. El marco cronológico identificó que la mayoría de los estudios realizados pertenecen al Bioma Cerrado, con 54 estudios desarrollados, seguido por el Bosque Atlántico (28), el Bioma Amazónico (8), la Pampa (4), y no se encontró el Bioma Pantanal. Las metodologías adoptadas se basan en el monitoreo, modelización, SIG y estadística (38%), las demás enfatizan metodologías como entrevistas semi-estructuradas, experiencias de campo y otras. Algunos trabajos utilizan el programa informático InVEST para proporcionar servicios ecosistémicos basados en la reducción de la erosión, la aportación de sedimentos, los estudios hidrológicos y los cambios en el uso del suelo. Otros autores han utilizado la modelización y el análisis multicriterio para evaluar y cuantificar los servicios ecosistémicos y los cambios en el uso y la cubierta del suelo. A partir de la revisión sistemática fue posible identificar una visión general de las metodologías que se están adoptando en la literatura y que pueden proporcionar información relevante para analizar la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos