Cervical Cancer in Croatia: State of the Art and Possibilities for Prevention

In Croatia, there are about 355 incident cases and about 100 deaths from cervical cancer every year. The aim of this study is to present the trends of cervical cancer incidence and mortality and to propose preventive strategies for cervical cancer in Croatia. Age-standardised and age-specific cervical cancer incidence rates were calculated for the period 1985–2004. For cervical cancer mortality data, the WHO Mortality Database was used. After an early decrease of cervical cancer incidence and mortality following the introduction of opportunistic screening in Croatia, no further decrease has been observed since the 1990s. An increase in incidence over the last 20 years was observed in the age-groups 40–44 and 45–49 years. To reduce cervical cancer rates, an organised cervical cancer screening programme is essential. In addition, HPV vaccination should be introduced in the school vaccination programme to achieve further reductions in cervical cancer incidence in the future

Rak dojke u Hrvatskoj - kako stojimo i što očekujemo?

S oko 1 151 298 novooboljelih i 410 712 umrlih žena (procjene za 2002.), rak dojke najčešće je sijelo raka žena u svijetu (Slika 1). U razvijenim zemljama rak dojke odgovoran je za oko četvrtinu novih slučajeva raka u žena. U Europi godišnje od raka dojke obolijeva oko 429 900, a umire oko 131 900 žena (procjene za 2006.). Prema zadnjim objavljenim podacima za Hrvatsku, 2005. godine broj novooboljelih žena bio je 2 303 (stopa 100,1/100 000)

Rak dojke u Hrvatskoj i provođenje nacionalnog programa (Breast cancer in Croatia and National Screening Programme funktioning)

Rak dojke najčešće je sijelo raka u žena u RH od kojeg obolijeva četvrtina žena novooboljelih od raka. U 2006. godini od raka dojke oboljelo je 2203 žena. S 861 umrlom ženom u 2007. rak dojke također je najčešći uzrok smrti od raka u žena u RH. Incidencija raka dojke u Hrvatskoj je u kontinuiranom porastu. Mortalitet je također u porastu premda se zadnjih godina bilježi stabilizacija trenda.Dok su mogućnosti utjecaja na incidenciju raka dojke ograničene s obzirom da su faktori rizika uvelike povezani sa suvremenim životnim stilovima, na smanjenje mortaliteta može se utjecati organiziranim programima ranog otkrivanja

Registar za rak

Registar za rak pri Hrvatskom zavodu za javno zdravstvo osnovao je prof.dr.sc. Živko Kulčar 1959. godine od kada kontinuirano djeluje

Rak dojke u Hrvatskoj - kako stojimo i što očekujemo?

S oko 1 151 298 novooboljelih i 410 712 umrlih žena (procjene za 2002.), rak dojke najčešće je sijelo raka žena u svijetu (Slika 1). U razvijenim zemljama rak dojke odgovoran je za oko četvrtinu novih slučajeva raka u žena. U Europi godišnje od raka dojke obolijeva oko 429 900, a umire oko 131 900 žena (procjene za 2006.). Prema zadnjim objavljenim podacima za Hrvatsku, 2005. godine broj novooboljelih žena bio je 2 303 (stopa 100,1/100 000)

Rak dojke u Hrvatskoj i provođenje nacionalnog programa (Breast cancer in Croatia and National Screening Programme funktioning)

Rak dojke najčešće je sijelo raka u žena u RH od kojeg obolijeva četvrtina žena novooboljelih od raka. U 2006. godini od raka dojke oboljelo je 2203 žena. S 861 umrlom ženom u 2007. rak dojke također je najčešći uzrok smrti od raka u žena u RH. Incidencija raka dojke u Hrvatskoj je u kontinuiranom porastu. Mortalitet je također u porastu premda se zadnjih godina bilježi stabilizacija trenda.Dok su mogućnosti utjecaja na incidenciju raka dojke ograničene s obzirom da su faktori rizika uvelike povezani sa suvremenim životnim stilovima, na smanjenje mortaliteta može se utjecati organiziranim programima ranog otkrivanja

Lifestyle Habits and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer in Zagreb Region

In 2002, International Agency for Research on Cancer launched a multicentric case-control study of head and neck cancer in 15 centres in 11 European countries, Croatia included. The Alcohol-related Cancers and Genetic Susceptibility in Europe (ARCAGE) study database with approximately 2500 case-control pairs is currently the largest head and neck cancer patients database in Europe. The aim of the present study was to estimate the risk of smoking and alcohol consumption in head and neck cancer patients from Zagreb region recruited in scope of the ARCAGE study. The cases (45 males, 9 females) and the controls (37 males, 9 females) were recruited from University Hospital Dubrava and Merkur University Hospital. A blood sample and a lifestyle questionnaire were collected from all study subjects. Data were analysed by logistic regression analysis. The distribution of cases was: 43 oral, 9 pharyngeal and 2 laryngeal cancer cases. Ever-smokers had a 4-fold higher cancer risk (adjusted OR 4.3 (CI 1.20–15.4)) compared to never-smokers. The adjusted odds ratio for alcohol consumption more than once a week was 4.1 (CI 1.5–11.2). The results are in keeping with previously published data from other countries

Trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Croatia, 1988 to 2008

AIM: To describe and interpret prostate cancer incidence and mortality trends in Croatia between 1988 and 2008. ----- METHODS: Incidence data for the period 1988-2008 were obtained from the Croatian National Cancer Registry. The number of prostate cancer deaths was obtained from the World Health Organization mortality database. We also used population estimates for Croatia from the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations. Age standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated by the direct standardization method. To describe time trends of incidence and mortality, joinpoint regression analysis was used. ----- RESULTS: Average age-standardized incidence rate between the first and last five-year period doubled, from 19.0/100,000 in 1988-1992 to 39.1 per 100,000 in 2004-2008. Age-standardized mortality rate increased by 6.9%, from 14.5 to 15.5 per 100,000. Joinpoint analysis of incidence identified two joinpoints. The increasing incidence trend started from 1997, with the estimated annual percent of change (EAPC) of 12.9% from 1997-2002 and of 4.1% from 2002-2008. Joinpoint analyses of mortality identified one joinpoint. Mortality trend first decreased, with EAPC of -3.0% from 1988-1995 to increase later with EAPC of 2.0% from 1995-2008. ----- CONCLUSION: The incidence of prostate cancer in Croatia has been on the increase since 1997. Trend in mortality is increasing, contrary to the trends in some higher-income countries. An improvement in the availability of different treatment modalities as well as establishing prostate cancer units could have a positive impact on prostate cancer mortality in Croatia

Trends in lung cancer incidence and mortality in Croatia, 1988-2008

Aim To describe and interpret lung cancer incidence and mortality trends in Croatia between 1988 and 2008. Methods Incidence data on lung cancer for the period 1988-2008 were obtained from the Croatian National Cancer Registry, while mortality data were obtained from the World Health Organization mortality database. Population estimates for Croatia were obtained from the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations. We also calculated and analyzed age-standardized incidence and mortality rates. To describe time incidence and mortality trends, we used joinpoint regression analysis. Results Lung cancer incidence and mortality rates in men decreased significantly in all age groups younger than 70 years. Age-standardized incidence rates in men decreased significantly by -1.3% annually. Joinpoint analysis of mortality in men identified three trends, and average annual percent change (AAPC) decreased significantly by -1.1%. Lung cancer incidence and mortality rates in women increased significantly in all age groups older than 40 years and decreased in younger women (30-39- years). Age-standardized incidence rates increased significantly by 1.7% annually. Joinpoint analysis of age-standardized mortality rates in women identified two trends, and AAPC increased significantly by 1.9%. Conclusion Despite the overall decreasing trend, Croatia is still among the European countries with the highest male lung cancer incidence and mortality. Although the incidence trend in women is increasing, their age standardized incidence rates are still 5-fold lower than in men. These trends follow the observed decrease and increase in the prevalence of male and female smokers, respectively. These findings indicate the need for further introduction of smoking prevention and cessation policies targeting younger population, particularly women

Trendovi u incidenciji i smrtnosti karcinoma štitnjače u Hrvatskoj u razdoblju od 1988. do 2010. godine

The aim of our study was to describe and interpret national trends in thyroid cancer in Croatian men and women during the 1988-2010 period, to better understand the incidence and mortality trends in comparison with other populations, and to determine the proportion of certain histologic subtypes of thyroid cancer and their impact on these trends. Using information from the Croatian National Cancer Registry and WHO Mortality Database, we estimated trends in the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates by joinpoint regression analysis. Thyroid cancer incidence increased in both women and men during the study period, with the estimated annual percent change (EAPC) of 6.4% and 5.5%, with no joinpoints identified. A significant decrease in mortality (EAPC -2.1%) was observed in women, while in men mortality rates decreased nonsignificantly (EAPC -1.3%). A statistically significant incidence increase was observed only for papillary carcinomas with annual incidence increase by 6.7% for women and 7.9% for men. During the study period, thyroid cancer showed an incidence increase in Croatia with persistent and steady decrease in mortality in women and statistically nonsignificant decrease in mortality in men. The increase in papillary carcinomas led to the thyroid cancer incidence increase and also affected the thyroid cancer mortality decrease in women. The trends observed are similar to those in other European countries and require additional analysis to determine all factors that have an effect on them.Cilj ovoga rada bio je opisati i protumačiti trendove incidencije i smrtnosti karcinoma štitnjače u Hrvatskoj u razdoblju od 1988. do 2010. godine, usporediti ih s trendovima u drugim zemljama te odrediti udio histoloških tipova karcinoma štitnjače i njihov utjecaj na trendove. Koristeći podatke iz Registra za rak Hrvatske i iz baze podataka Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije učinjena je regresijska analiza uz pomoć točaka spajanja za procjenu trendova incidencije i smrtnosti. Incidencija karcinoma štitnjače porasla je i kod žena i kod muškaraca u promatranom razdoblju s procijenjenim godišnjim postotkom promjene (engl. estimated annual percent change, EAPC) od 6,4% i 5,5%, bez identificiranih točaka spajanja. Kod žena je zabilježen značajan pad smrtnosti (EAPC -2,1%), dok se kod muškaraca smrtnost smanjila, ali statistički neznačajno (EAPC -1,3%). Statistički značajan porast incidencije zabilježen je samo kod papilarnih karcinoma s godišnjim postotkom promjene od 6,7% za žene i 7,9% za muškarce. Incidencija karcinoma štitnjače porasla je u promatranom razdoblju uz stalan i umjeren pad smrtnosti kod žena te uz statistički neznačajan pad smrtnosti kod muškaraca. Incidencija karcinoma štitnjače je porasla zbog porasta broja papilarnih karcinoma, što je također utjecalo na pad smrtnosti od karcinoma štitnjače kod žena. Zabilježeni trendovi su slični trendovima u drugim europskim zemljama i zahtijevaju dodatnu analizu svih čimbenika koji na njih utječu