Phenotyping by total oxidative hepatic capacity in patients undergoing laparoscopy cholecystectomy: Two categories of patients and duration of post-anesthesia rehabilitation

In patients, undergoing laparoscopy cholecystectomy, two phenotype categories were identified on the basis of the total oxidative hepatic capacity determined by antipyrine test, which differed by duration of post-anesthesia rehabilitation. The potential of antipyrine phenotyping for individualisation of anesthetics' dosing is discussed

Surfactant media for constant-current coulometry. Application for the determination of antioxidants in pharmaceuticals

Effect of surfactant presence on electrochemical generation of titrants has been evaluated and discussed for the first time. Cationic (1-dodecylpyridinium and cetylpyridinium bromide), anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and nonionic (Triton X100 and Brij® 35) surfactants as well as nonionic high molecular weight polymer (PEG 4000) do not react with the electrogenerated bromine, iodine and hexacyanoferrate(III) ions. The electrogenerated chlorine chemically interact with Triton X100 and Brij® 35. The allowable range of surfactants concentrations providing 100% current yield has been found. Chain-breaking low molecular weight antioxidants (ascorbic acid, rutin, α-tocopherol and retinol) were determined by reaction with the electrogenerated titrants in surfactant media. Nonionic and cationic surfactants can be used for the determination of antioxidants by reaction with the electrogenerated halogens. On contrary, cationic surfactants gives significantly overstated results of antioxidants determination with electrogenerated hexacyanoferrate(III) ions. The use of surfactants in coulometry of α-tocopherol and retinol provides their solubilization and allows to perform titration in water media. Simple, express and reliable coulometric approach for determination of α-tocopherol, rutin and ascorbic acid in pharmaceuticals using surfactant media has been developed. The relative standard deviation of the measurements does not exceed of 5%. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Electrooxidation of morin on glassy carbon electrode modified by carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes and surfactants

© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Voltammetric characteristics of morin on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT-COOH) and surfactants in phosphate buffer have been found. Cationic cetylpyridium bromide (CPB), nonionic Triton X100 and anionic sodium dodecylsulfate surfactants under different concentrations have been tested as modifier of SWNT-COOH/GCE. The form of CVs and oxidation potentials are not changed significantly in the presence of all type surfactants on the electrode surface that confirms negligible influence of surfactant on electron transfer rate. Morin oxidation currents are increased on surfactant-modified electrodes. The best characteristics are observed on CPB (1 μM)/SWNT-COOH/GCE when 1.8-fold increase of oxidation currents has been observed in comparison with SWNT-COOH/GCE. Mechanism of morin oxidation on CPB/SWNT-COOH/GCE is suggested on the basis of relationship between oxidation potential and pH of supporting electrolyte. Electrooxidation is adsorption-controlled irreversible two-step process with participation of one electron and one proton on each step. The linear dynamic ranges of morin determination under conditions of differential pulse voltammetry are 0.1-100 and 100-750 μM with the limits of detection and quantification 28.9 and 96.0 nM of morin, respectively. The developed approach applied for morin quantification in mulberry leaves using preliminary extraction with ethanol

Bacterial communities inhabiting toxic industrial wastewater generated during nitrocellulose production

© 2016 Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences.Investigating the microbial community structure and composition of toxic industrial wastes contaminated with nitrocellulose and various by-products is crucial for understanding the fate of these pollutants in the environment and for the development and application of efiective bioremediation processes. In this study, we investigated the chemical properties and toxic potential of wastewater generated during nitrocellulose production. The analyzed wastewater from settling pond contained nitrocellulose powder particles as well as increased ammonium (570-760 mg/L), sulfate (1625-2045 mg/L) and sulfite (864-1014 mg/L) concentrations. The toxicity test results demonstrated that the wastewater samples present acute toxicity for Paramecium caudatum and Daphnia magna. Furthermore, bacterial community structure in the samples was characterized by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis of bacterial sequences indicated that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the main phyla in the sample near inlet, whereas various phylotypes of the phyla Proteobacteria, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes and Gemmatimonadetes dominated in the sample near outlet. Some bacterial members observed in the current work can be considered as agents capable of performing biodegradation of various hazardous contaminants, indicating that the described bacterial communities have a high potential for the development of efiective bioremediation strategies

Post- Anesthetic rehabilitation periods and anesthesia dosage for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Relationship to the total oxidative capacity of liver

Analysis of the results of pharmacological phenotyping using antipyrine test prior to providing anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed that trimeperidine (promedol) dosing with allowance for the total oxidative capacity of liver and the patient mass allows the periods of post- Anesthetic rehabilitation to be controlled. Clear algorithm of trimeperidine dosing based on established indices of the total oxidative capacity of liver and is yet nor developed because of restricted sampling set. The obtained results show expediency of using and studying antipyrine test as a simple, cheap, and informative method of individual anesthesia dosing for increasing the adequacy of general anesthesia

Efficacy of management for rational use of antibiotics in surgical departments at a multi-disciplinary hospital: Results of a 7-year pharmacoepidemiological research

Background. Irrational medicine use including excessive use and abuse of antibiotics remains a crucial problem for the healthcare systems. <In this regard, studies examining approaches to improving the clinical use of medicines are highly important. Aim: to assess the efficacy rate of management for the rational use of antibiotics in surgical departments of a multi-disciplinary hospital. Material and methods. The intervention complex combined the research, educational, and methodological activities: local protocols for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PABP) for various surgical departments were developed; local PABP protocols were discussed with the physicians of specialized surgical departments; official order on implementation of PABP was issued; the list of drug prescriptions for registration of the first pre-operative antibiotic dose was changed; audit and feedback processes were introduced as well as consultations of a clinical pharmacologist were implemented. We assessed the efficacy rate of the interventions basing on the changes in consumption of antibiotics (both quantitatively and qualitatively) at surgical departments of a hospital using ATC/DDD methodology. Comparison of the studied outcomes was performed before and after the intervention implementation and between the departments (vascular and abdominal surgery). The consumption of antibacterial agents (ATCJ01) was measured as a number of defined daily doses (DDD) per 100 bed-days (DDD/100 bed-days, indicator recommended by the World Health Organization, WHO) and DDD per 100 treated patients (DDD/100 treated patients). Results. From 2006 to 2012, a decrease in antibacterial consumption in surgical departments by 188 DDD/100 treated patients was observed. We obtained the opposite results when using an indicator of DDD/100 bed-days (increase by 2.5 DDD/100 bed-days) which could be explained by the dependence on indices of overall hospital work and its changes during the examined period. Observed changes in antibacterial consumption varied in different surgical departments. The most pronounced positive changes were noted in the department of vascular surgery: decrease in total antibacterial consumption by 298 DDD/100 treated patients, decrease in the use of cephalosporins of the III generation from 141 to 38 DDD/100 treated patients. These positive changes were accompanied by the same (low) level of consumption/use of reserve antibiotics. In the department of abdominal surgery, there was no decrease in total antibiotic consumption, as well as in consumption of broad-spectrum cephalosporins of the III generation and fluoroquinolones, and we observed an increase in the use of reserve antibiotics (carbapenems) during the study period. Positive changes in antibiotic consumption were associated with the positive attitude of the manager/head of the department towards interventions: we observed the most pronounced decrease in antibiotic consumption straight after the publication of the administrative order on perioperative antibacterial prophylaxis. Conclusion. The combination of scientific, educational, and methodological interventions is effective for improving antibiotic application. The study results provide the rationale for analyzing the drug consumption using the DDD/100 treated patients measure in addition to the WHO-recommended indicator of DDD/100 bed-days which depends on overall hospital performance

Voltammetric sensing and quantification of eugenol using nonionic surfactant self-organized media

Triton X100 and Brij® 35 based self-organized systems (at a concentration of 0.1 M) provide eugenol solubilization in water media. Eugenol is irreversibly oxidized on a glassy carbon electrode at 780 and 700 mV in 0.1 M LiClO4 in 0.1 M Triton X100 and Brij® 35 micellar media, respectively. Electrochemical oxidation of eugenol is a diffusion-controlled process that is confirmed by the linear dependence of peak currents on the v1/2 with R2 = 0.9968 and 0.9989 in Triton X100 and Brij® 35 media, respectively, and involves 2.0 ± 0.1 electrons corresponding to the formation of o-quinone. The eugenol calibration graph is linear in the range 15-1230 μM with an estimated detection limit of 3.8 μM and a quantification limit of 12.6 μM. The addition of ethanol (10% v/v) to a 0.1 M Triton X100 micellar medium leads to the cathodic shift of eugenol oxidation potential of 50 mV. Under these conditions, the oxidation current linearly depends on the eugenol concentration in the range 0.02-1.0 mM with a detection limit of 0.01 mM. The recovery of eugenol determination in test solutions is in the range 99.0-101.2%. The preliminary extraction of eugenol with ethanol is used for its voltammetric determination in spices. Quantitative determination of eugenol in essential oils in a Triton X100 micellar medium has been carried out. The results obtained for real samples are in good agreement with data from independent spectrophotometric methods. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry

Application of surfactants in voltammetric analysis

The possibilities of applying surfactants to the voltammetry of various biologically active compounds are generalized. Attention is focused on micellar solutions and surfactant-modified electrodes in the determination of a number of organic compounds, including antioxidants. It is demonstrated that the use of surfactants makes it possible to improve analytical characteristics and, in some cases, to simultaneously determine different analytes. © 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Draft genome sequence data and analysis of Brachybacterium sp. strain EE-P12 isolated from a laboratory-scale anaerobic reactor

© 2018 The Authors The species of the genus Brachybacterium belonging to the family Dermabacteraceae within the phylum Actinobacteria are gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic or aerobic, nonmotile and nonsporeforming bacteria. Cells of Brachybacterium spp. vary in shape from coccoid forms (stationary phase) to rods (exponential phase). Brachybacterium species can be isolated from numerous sources such as poultry deep litter, human gut, soil, food products. Here we describe the draft genome sequence of Brachybacterium sp. EE-P12 that was isolated from a laboratory-scale anaerobic digester. The genome sequencing generated 3,964,988 bp, with a G+C content of 72.2%. This draft genome data has been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession number QXCP00000000 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/QXCP00000000)

Surfactant/carbon nanofibers-modified electrode for the determination of vanillin

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Wien. Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with carbon nanofibers (CNF) and surfactants has been tested for the determination of vanillin in Britton-Robinson buffer. Cationic cetylpyridium bromide (CPB), nonionic Triton X100, and anionic sodium dodecylsulfate surfactants under different concentrations have been tested as modifier of CNF/GCE. The best form of CVs and voltammetric characteristics of vanillin have been obtained on CPB (0.5 mmol dm-3)/CNF/GCE when the 1.4-fold increase of oxidation peak currents has been observed in comparison with CNF/GCE. The electrode has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These data indicate that CPB/CNF coverage significantly increases the charge transfer (R ct = 0.24 ± 0.04 vs. 4.6 ± 0.1 kΩ for GCE). Mechanism of vanillin oxidation on CPB/CNF/GCE is suggested. The electrooxidation is diffusion-controlled irreversible process with participation of two electrons and two protons and formation of o-quinone. Differential pulse voltammetry has been used for the quantification of vanillin. The working conditions for the vanillin detection (pH 2.0, pulse parameters) have been found. The linear dynamic ranges of the vanillin determination are 0.50-75.0 and 75.0-750 μmol dm-3 with the limits of detection and quantification 0.14 and 0.46 μmol dm-3 of vanillin, respectively. The developed approach has been applied for the vanillin quantification in foodstuff (vanilla sugar, vanilla pods, and cream milk powder). The results obtained are in good agreement with the data of standard spectrophotometric method