89 research outputs found
An efficient Gehan-type estimation for the accelerated failure time model with clustered and censored data
In medical studies, the collected covariates usually contain underlying
outliers. For clustered /longitudinal data with censored observations, the
traditional Gehan-type estimator is robust to outliers existing in response but
sensitive to outliers in the covariate domain, and it also ignores the
within-cluster correlations. To take account of within-cluster correlations,
varying cluster sizes, and outliers in covariates, we propose weighted
Gehan-type estimating functions for parameter estimation in the accelerated
failure time model for clustered data. We provide the asymptotic properties of
the resulting estimators and carry out simulation studies to evaluate the
performance of the proposed method under a variety of realistic settings. The
simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust to the
outliers existing in the covariate domain and lead to much more efficient
estimators when a strong within-cluster correlation exists. Finally, the
proposed method is applied to a medical dataset and more reliable and
convincing results are hence obtained.Comment: ready for submissio
UniHPE: Towards Unified Human Pose Estimation via Contrastive Learning
In recent times, there has been a growing interest in developing effective
perception techniques for combining information from multiple modalities. This
involves aligning features obtained from diverse sources to enable more
efficient training with larger datasets and constraints, as well as leveraging
the wealth of information contained in each modality. 2D and 3D Human Pose
Estimation (HPE) are two critical perceptual tasks in computer vision, which
have numerous downstream applications, such as Action Recognition,
Human-Computer Interaction, Object tracking, etc. Yet, there are limited
instances where the correlation between Image and 2D/3D human pose has been
clearly researched using a contrastive paradigm. In this paper, we propose
UniHPE, a unified Human Pose Estimation pipeline, which aligns features from
all three modalities, i.e., 2D human pose estimation, lifting-based and
image-based 3D human pose estimation, in the same pipeline. To align more than
two modalities at the same time, we propose a novel singular value based
contrastive learning loss, which better aligns different modalities and further
boosts the performance. In our evaluation, UniHPE achieves remarkable
performance metrics: MPJPE mm on the Human3.6M dataset and PAMPJPE
mm on the 3DPW dataset. Our proposed method holds immense potential to
advance the field of computer vision and contribute to various applications
Back to Optimization: Diffusion-based Zero-Shot 3D Human Pose Estimation
Learning-based methods have dominated the 3D human pose estimation (HPE)
tasks with significantly better performance in most benchmarks than traditional
optimization-based methods. Nonetheless, 3D HPE in the wild is still the
biggest challenge of learning-based models, whether with 2D-3D lifting,
image-to-3D, or diffusion-based methods, since the trained networks implicitly
learn camera intrinsic parameters and domain-based 3D human pose distributions
and estimate poses by statistical average. On the other hand, the
optimization-based methods estimate results case-by-case, which can predict
more diverse and sophisticated human poses in the wild. By combining the
advantages of optimization-based and learning-based methods, we propose the
Zero-shot Diffusion-based Optimization (ZeDO) pipeline for 3D HPE to solve the
problem of cross-domain and in-the-wild 3D HPE. Our multi-hypothesis ZeDO
achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on Human3.6M as minMPJPE mm
without training with any 2D-3D or image-3D pairs. Moreover, our
single-hypothesis ZeDO achieves SOTA performance on 3DPW dataset with PA-MPJPE
mm on cross-dataset evaluation, which even outperforms learning-based
methods trained on 3DPW
Prognostic impact of the Controlling Nutritional Status Score in patients with biliary tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BackgroundBiliary tract cancer (BTC) is a malignancy associated with unfavorable outcomes. Advanced BTC patients have a propensity to experience compromised immune and nutritional status as a result of obstructive jaundice and biliary inflammation. Currently, there is a lack of consensus on the impact of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score in the context of BTC prognosis. The purpose of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis on the association between CONUT and the prognosis of patients suffering from BTC.MethodsA defined search strategy was implemented to search the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for eligible studies published until March 2023, with a focus on overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival/recurrence-free survival(RFS), and relevant clinical characteristics. The prognostic potential of the CONUT score was evaluated using hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsIn this meta-analysis, a total of 1409 patients from China and Japan were involved in 9 studies. The results indicated that the CONUT score was significantly correlated with worse OS (HR=2.13, 95% CI 1.61-2.82, P<0.0001) and RFS (HR=1.83, 95% CI 1.44–2.31, P<0.0001) in patients with BTC. And, the analysis showed that a high CONUT score was significantly associated with clinical characteristics such as jaundice (OR=1.60, 95% CI=1.14–2.25, P=0.006), poorly differentiated tumor (OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.03–1.99, P=0.03), pT3 and 4 stage of the tumor (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.30–2.68, P=0.0007), and complications of Clavien-Dindo classification grade IIIa or higher (OR=1.79, 95% CI=1.03–3.12, P=0.04).ConclusionThis meta-analysis indicates that a high CONUT score can serve as a significant prognostic indicator for survival outcomes among patients diagnosed with BTC
Non-invasive color imaging through scattering medium under broadband illumination
Due to the complex of mixed spectral point spread function within memory
effect range, it is unreliable and slow to use speckle correlation technology
for non-invasive imaging through scattering medium under broadband
illumination. The contrast of the speckles will drastically drop as the light
source's spectrum width increases. Here, we propose a method for producing the
optical transfer function with several speckle frames within memory effect
range to image under broadband illumination. The method can be applied to image
amplitude and color objects under white LED illumination. Compared to other
approaches of imaging under broadband illumination, such as deep learning and
modified phase retrieval, our method can provide more stable results with
faster convergence speed, which can be applied in high speed scattering imaging
under natural light illumination
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