The Nelson-Seiberg theorem generalized with nonpolynomial superpotentials

The Nelson-Seiberg theorem relates R-symmetries to F-term supersymmetry breaking, and provides a guiding rule for new physics model building beyond the Standard Model. A revision of the theorem gives a necessary and sufficient condition to supersymmetry breaking in models with polynomial superpotentials. This work revisits the theorem to include models with nonpolynomial superpotentials. With a generic R-symmetric superpotential, a singularity at the origin of the field space implies both R-symmetry breaking and supersymmetry breaking. We give a generalized necessary and sufficient condition for supersymmetry breaking which applies to both perturbative and nonperturbative models.Comment: 10 pages, discussions on D-terms, runaway models and existence of vacua added, Advances in High Energy Physics accepted versio

3,9-Di-tert-butyl-2,4,8,10-tetra­oxaspiro­[5.5]undeca­ne

The title compound, C15H28O4, was prepared by the condensation of pivalaldehyde with penta­erythritol. In the crystal, the two halves of the mol­ecule are related by a crystallographic twofold rotation axis passing through the central spiro-C atom. The two non-planar six-membered heterocycles both adopt chair conformations with the two tert-butyl groups both located in the equatorial positions

rac-3,9-Bis(3-chloro­phen­yl)-2,4,8,10-tetra­oxaspiro­[5.5]undeca­ne

In the title compound, C19H18Cl2O4, the two non-planar six-membered heterocycles passing through the spiro-C atom both adopt chair conformations, and the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 7.2 (1)°. In the crystal, the enanti­omers with R and S configurations are generated by the symmetry elements of the centrosymmetric space group, forming a racemic crystal. Inter­molecular C—H⋯π and weak C—H⋯O inter­actions link the mol­ecules in the crystal structure

Micromechanics of thin oxide scale and surface roughness transfer in hot metal rolling

The deformation micromechanics of the thin oxide scale formed in hot metal rolling and surface roughness transfer characterization are very important for the quality of the finished product. Finite element simulation of the thin oxide scale deformation and surface roughness transfer is carried out. Surface asperity deformation of the thin oxide scale and strip is focused. Surface characterisation and micromechanics of the thin oxide scale deformation are obtained from the finite element simulation and experimental measurements. Simulation results are close to the measured values. The forming features of surface roughness transfer during hot metal rolling with lubrication are also discussed

Magnetic field-modulated exciton generation in organic semiconductors: an intermolecular quantum correlation effect

Magnetoelectroluminescence (MEL) of organic semiconductor has been experimentally tuned by adopting blended emitting layer consisting of both hole and electron transporting materials. A theoretical model considering intermolecular quantum correlation is proposed to demonstrate two fundamental issues: (1) two mechanisms, spin scattering and spin mixing, dominate the two different steps respectively in the process of the magnetic field modulated generation of exciton; (2) the hopping rate of carriers determines the intensity of MEL. Calculation successfully predicts the increase of singlet excitons in low field with little change of triplet exciton population.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Elevated CD3low double negative T lymphocyte is associated with pneumonia and its severity in pediatric patients

Background Previous studies have shown that the adaptive immunity function of T cells in disease states correlates with CD3 surface expression closely. During routine assessment of TBNK subsets in peripheral blood of pediatric patients by flow cytometry, we noticed that variable expression levels of CD3 on CD3+CD4−CD8− double-negative T (DNT) lymphocytes in different patients. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of CD3 expression levels on DNT cells with disease severity. Methods In this prospective study, we investigated the frequencies of circulating CD4−CD8− DNT cell subsets with CD3low or CD3high phenotype by flow cytometry in 76 pediatric patients with pneumonia, 55 patients with severe pneumonia (SP), and 29 healthy controls (Con). Results The numbers of circulating DNT cells were similar in all groups; however, the frequency of CD3low DNT cell subsets was significantly increased in patients with pneumonia (p < 0.001) and SP (p < 0.001). The elevated CD3low DNT cell frequency showed a positive correlation with the clinical severity of pneumonia. On sub-group analysis, the frequency of CD3low DNT cells was only elevated in children with pneumonia aged <5 years, while no association was observed with the causative pathogen of pneumonia. Conclusions These findings suggest that CD3 expression levels on DNT cell subsets of peripheral lymphocytes may be a valuable biomarker for evaluation of immune response in pediatric infectious disease. CD3low DNT cells were elevated in children with pneumonia aged <5 years, which indicates that it may be an important research target in pediatric infectious diseases

The role of tidal interactions in the formation of slowly rotating early-type stars in young star clusters

The split main sequences found in the colour-magnitude diagrams of star clusters younger than ~600 Myr are suggested to be caused by the dichotomy of stellar rotation rates of upper main-sequence stars. Tidal interactions have been suggested as a possible explanation of the dichotomy of the stellar rotation rates. This hypothesis proposes that the slow rotation rates of stars along the split main sequences are caused by tidal interactions in binaries. To test this scenario, we measured the variations in the radial velocities of slowly rotating stars along the split main sequence of the young Galactic cluster NGC 2422 (~90 Myr) using spectra obtained at multiple epochs with the Canada-France-Hawai'i Telescope. Our results show that most slowly rotating stars are not radial-velocity variables. Using the theory of dynamical tides, we find that the binary separations necessary to fully or partially synchronise our spectroscopic targets, on time-scales shorter than the cluster age, predict much larger radial velocity variations across multiple-epoch observations, or a much larger radial velocity dispersion at a single epoch, than the observed values. This indicates that tidal interactions are not the dominant mechanism to form slowly rotating stars along the split main sequences. As the observations of the rotation velocity distribution among B- and A-type stars in binaries of larger separations hint at a much stronger effect of braking with age, we discuss the consequences of relaxing the constraints of the dynamical tides theory.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRA

A bibliometric analysis of preoperative anxiety research (2001–2021)

Recently, mental health has received increasing attention, particularly preoperative anxiety, which constitutes a bad emotional experience for surgical patients. Many experts have studied preoperative anxiety in terms of its related risk factors, interventions, and postoperative effects; however, there has been no systematic analysis of published articles. This paper presents a bibliometric review of documents related to preoperative anxiety published between 2001 and 2021. A detailed data analysis of 1,596 publications was conducted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Since the 20th century, the field of preoperative anxiety has gradually developed; research began around 2000 and has made a huge leap forward since 2016. Developed countries, led by the United States, were the first to conduct research, but preoperative anxiety research in developing countries like Turkey and China has gradually increased and led to an irreplaceable contribution. Intervention has remained the main topic of preoperative anxiety research, and measures have developed from premedication to the provision of education and information. Moreover, the use of advanced equipment such as virtual reality has emerged with great popularity. Based on previous research, the application of virtual reality combined with pediatric patients will become a new research direction