Distributed Robust Bilinear State Estimation for Power Systems with Nonlinear Measurements

This paper proposes a fully distributed robust bilinear state-estimation (D-RBSE) method that is applicable to multi-area power systems with nonlinear measurements. We extend the recently introduced bilinear formulation of state estimation problems to a robust model. A distributed bilinear state-estimation procedure is developed. In both linear stages, the state estimation problem in each area is solved locally, with minimal data exchange with its neighbors. The intermediate nonlinear transformation can be performed by all areas in parallel without any need of inter-regional communication. This algorithm does not require a central coordinator and can compress bad measurements by introducing a robust state estimation model. Numerical tests on IEEE 14-bus, 118-bus benchmark systems, and a 1062-bus system demonstrate the validity of the method

Enhancing transient stability of power systems using a resistive superconducting fault current limiter

The electricity demand keeps increasing with development and time, which leads to the need to install more generating units in the grid. Therefore, the fault current levels will rise above the limits of the electrical equipment, particularly when the electric grid becomes meshed and interconnected with neighboring networks. Consequently, the electrical equipment needs to be replaced or use a method that will decrease the fault current to be within the permissible boundaries. The existing solutions such as neutral impedance, current limiting reactor (CLR), and bus splitting have negative impacts on the electric grid. The superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) appears to be a promising solution. In this paper, the resistive SFCL is proposed to enhance the stability of the interconnected power system. The two-area system is used as a case study for the interconnected power system. Also, the optimal value and locations of the resistive SFCL are analyzed. The results show that the system will remain stable without tuning the power system stabilizer (PSS)

Identification of a HIV Gp41-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibody With Potent Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a major mechanism of protection against viral infections in vivo. Identification of HIV-1-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with potent ADCC activity may help develop an effective HIV-1 vaccine. In present study, we isolated such human mAb, designated E10, from an HIV-1-infected patient sample by single B cell sorting and single cell PCR. E10 bound to gp140 trimer and linear peptides derived from gp41 membrane proximal external region (MPER). E10 epitope (QEKNEQELLEL) overlapped with mAb 2F5 epitope. However, E10 differentiated from 2F5 in neutralization breadth and potency, as well as ADCC activity. E10 showed low neutralization activity and narrow spectrum of neutralization compared to 2F5, but it mediated higher ADCC activity than 2F5 at low antibody concentration. Fine mapping of E10 epitope may potentiate MPER-based subunit vaccine development

Deep learning-aided joint DG-substation siting and sizing in distribution network stochastic expansion planning

The rapid growth of distributed generation (DG) and load has highlighted the necessity of optimizing their ways of integration, as their siting and sizing significantly impact distribution networks. However, little attention has been paid to the siting and sizing of new substations which are to be installed. This paper proposes deep learning-aided joint DG-substation siting and sizing in distribution network stochastic expansion planning. First, as the model depends on an accurate forecast, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) deep neural network is used to forecast DG output and load, where electricity growth rate, bidding capacity of the electric expansion, and industrial difference are all considered. Then, a two-stage stochastic mixed integer bilinear programming model was established for joint DG-substation siting and sizing under uncertainties, where multiple objective functions are comprehensively addressed. By using the Fortuny-Amat McCarl Linearization, the resultant bilinear model is equivalently transformed into a mixed integer linear program, which can be efficiently solved. Finally, stochastic power flow calculation in the IEEE 69-node system is conducted to analyze the influence of electric expansion and DG integration on the node voltage and power flow distribution of the power system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is also verified by simulation tests

Enhancing transient stability of power systems using a resistive superconducting fault current limiter

The electricity demand keeps increasing with development and time, which leads to the need to install more generating units in the grid. Therefore, the fault current levels will rise above the limits of the electrical equipment, particularly when the electric grid becomes meshed and interconnected with neighboring networks. Consequently, the electrical equipment needs to be replaced or use a method that will decrease the fault current to be within the permissible boundaries. The existing solutions such as neutral impedance, current limiting reactor (CLR), and bus splitting have negative impacts on the electric grid. The superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) appears to be a promising solution. In this paper, the resistive SFCL is proposed to enhance the stability of the interconnected power system. The two-area system is used as a case study for the interconnected power system. Also, the optimal value and locations of the resistive SFCL are analyzed. The results show that the system will remain stable without tuning the power system stabilizer (PSS)

A Novel Role of HDAC5 in Flow-Induced Gene Expression

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Rochester. School of Medicine & Dentistry. Dept. of Pharmacology and Physiology, 2010.Fluid shear stress, a frictional force generated by the blood flow upon the vascular endothelial cells, is a major determinant of vascular remodeling, arterial tone and atherogenesis. The fact that atherosclerosis lesions have a non-uniform and focal distribution in the relatively low fluid shear stress regions of curvature, bifurcation, and branching of vessels indicates the atheroprotective effect of laminar fluid shear stress. The major contributors of this effect are fluid shear stress-mediated genes, such as Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). However, the molecular mechanisms by which flow induces KLF2 and eNOS expression remain elusive. In this study, we show a novel role of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) in flow-induced KLF2 and eNOS expression. This is the first study showing that fluid shear stress stimulated HDAC5 phosphorylation and nuclear export in endothelial cells through a calcium/calmodulin-dependent pathway. Subsequently, flow disrupted the association between HDAC5 and myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) and enhances MEF2 transcriptional activity, resulting in the expression of KLF2. Overexpression of a HDAC5 phosphorylation defective mutant (Ser259/Ser498 were replaced by Ala259/Ala498, HDAC5-S/A), which shows resistance to flow-induced nuclear export, inhibited flow-mediated MEF2 transcriptional activity and KLF2 expression. Importantly, HDAC5-S/A attenuated the flow inhibitory effect on monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Interestingly, our further studies reveal a direct interaction between HDAC5 and KLF2, a key transcription factor for eNOS. HDAC5-S/A mutant was found to inhibit eNOS promoter luciferase activity as well as eNOS mRNA and protein expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay confirmed that HDAC5 binds to the conserved KLF2 cis element “CACCC” containing region on eNOS promoter, where KLF2 binds as a transcription factor. Detailed studies with series deletion mutants revealed the KLF2 interacting domain within HDAC5, providing the potential target for small peptides or chemical compounds that specifically inhibit this interaction and enhance KLF2 transcriptional activation eNOS expression. Collectively, this study demonstrates that phosphorylation-dependent de-repression of HDAC5 regulates fluid shear stress-mediated KLF2 and eNOS expression as well as the anti-inflammatory effect of fluid shear stress. Since vascular inflammation is the initiating step for the development of atherosclerosis, our findings suggest that HDAC5 could be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of atherosclerosis

The complete mitochondrial genome of Acanthogobius stigmothonus (Perciformes, Gobiidae)

The complete mitochondrial genome of Acanthogobius stigmothonus is first sequenced in this study. This genome was 16,666 bp in size and contained 37 classic genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and two ribosomal RNA genes. The gene organization and nucleotide composition were the same with those found in most other Gobiidae fishes. Among 37 genes, 28 were encoded by the heavy strand, while nine were encoded by the light strand. The total nucleotide composition of this genome was 27.4% for adenine (A), 17.6% for guanine (G), 28.2% for cytosine (C), and 26.8% for thymine (T), with a high A + T content of 54.2%. This study will provide a better understanding of population genetic diversity of A. stigmothonus and offer useful information for future studies concerning Gobiidae mitogenome evolution