Modelling Game as Socio-Psychological Paradigm for Resolving Ethno-National Conflicts

The aim of this study was: (a) to evaluate the effectiveness of training to improve the intercultural behaviour of students; (b) to study and enrich their personal experience of resolving interethnic and international conflicts; and (c) to identify factors that contribute to the effective development of relevant skills that ensure social self-efficacy, reduce social avoidance, increase empathy and intercultural tolerance. The study used general scientific theoretical, empirical, experimental and statistical methods. To diagnose the dynamics of the studied variables – social self-efficacy, social avoidance, empathy, intercultural tolerance – “Scale of social self-efficacy of Fan and Mak”, “Situational scale of social avoidance”; checklists “Interpersonal skills”; “Basic scale for the diagnosis of empathy in adults”; diagnosis of the level of formation of intercultural tolerance were used. At the experimental stage of the study, a series of training based on modelling games (simulations) to resolve ethno-national conflicts was conducted. At the end of the training, a repeated diagnostic section of the dynamics of the above-mentioned variables and a semi-structured interview was conducted, which included 5 open-ended questions. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of these variables in comparison with EG and CG groups revealed significant dynamics in the variables “social self-efficacy”, “empathy”, “intercultural tolerance” and minor changes in the variable “social avoidance”. The dynamics of the EG index was more significant. Respondents also praised the types of work such as working in groups, the model of providing feedback during game situations and presentations of student projects. The results of this study confirmed that the model based on simulation games (simulations) for resolving ethno-national conflicts was effective in improving social self-efficacy, empathy and intercultural tolerance and in lowering psychological barriers (social avoidance) of EG participants compared to CG individuals. Participants reported that this type of training allowed them to develop skills for future professional activities in a multicultural (poly-ethnic or poly-national) community

Internalización del entorno de inversión en la industria turística internacional

The article presents an adaptative-institutional approach to determining the format of internalization of the investment environment in the international tourism industry. This approach reproduces the sphere of services through the prism of the investment paradigm and specifies the key conditions for combining a standardized (global) approach to the expansion of the tourist segment (in accordance with the requirements for the unification of the quality of the tourist product) and a non-standardized approach to the investment of investment capital of international corporations in individual economic systems of countries, in terms of their territorial features. The structure of the investment portfolio of an international corporation was formed for the development of the tourism industry in a country with a weakened economic system. The amount of foreign direct investment flows from international corporations to the tourism industry is analyzed. It is proved that the balance between FDI (foreign direct investment) flows of international corporations and their investments in the tourism industry is implemented on the basis of a system of countercyclical regulation, taking into account the existing requirements of the global economic system. An integral index of the investment of investment capital (assets) of international corporations in the economic system of the country according to the high and low level of development of the tourism industry is proposed and calculated.El artículo presenta un enfoque institucional de   adaptación para determinar el formato de internalización del entorno de inversión en la industria del turismo internacional. Este enfoque reproduce la esfera de los servicios a través del prisma del paradigma de inversión y especifica las condiciones clave para combinar un enfoque estandarizado (global) para la expansión del segmento turístico (de acuerdo con los requisitos para unificar la calidad del producto turístico ) y un enfoqueno estandarizado para la inversión de capital de inversión de corporaciones internacionales en sistemas económicos individuales de países, en términos de sus características territoriales. La estructura de la cartera de inversiones de una corporación internacional se formó para el desarrollode la industria turística en un país con un sistema  económico debilitado. Se analiza la cantidad de flujos de inversión extranjera directa de las corporaciones internacionales a la industria del turismo. Está demostrado que el equilibrio de los flujos de IED (inversión extranjera directa) de las corporaciones internacionales y sus inversiones en la industria del  turismo se implementa sobre la base de un sistema de regulación anticíclica, teniendo en cuenta los requisitos existentes del sistema económico global. Se propone y calcula un índice integral de la inversión de capital deinversión (activos) de las corporaciones internacionales en el sistema económico del país según el alto y bajo nivel de desarrollo de la industria turística