Increased serum IL-6 level time-dependently regulates hyperalgesia and spinal mu opioid receptor expression during CFA-induced arthritis

Interleukin (IL)-6 is known to cause pro- and anti-inflammatory effects during different stages of inflammation. Recent therapeutic investigations have focused on treatment of various inflammatory disorders with anti-cytokine substances. As a result, the aim of this study was to further elucidate the influence of IL-6 in hyperalgesia and edema during different stages of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis (AA) in male Wistar rats. AA was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of CFA into the rats’ hindpaw. Anti-IL-6 was administered either daily or weekly during the 21 days of study. Spinal mu opioid receptor (mOR) expression was detected by Western blotting. Daily and weekly treatment with an anti-IL-6 antibody significantly decreased paw edema in the AA group compared to the AA control group. Additionally, daily and weekly anti-IL-6 administration significantly reduced hyperalgesia on day 7 in the AA group compared to the AA control group; however, there were significant increases in hyperalgesia in the antibody-treated group on days 14 and 21 compared to the AA control group. IL-6 antibody-induced increases in hyperalgesia on the 14th and 21st days after CFA injection correlated with a time-dependent, significant reduction in spinal mOR expression during anti-IL-6 treatment. Our study confirmed the important time-dependent relationship between serum IL-6 levels and hyperalgesia during AA. These results suggest that the stages of inflammation in AA must be considered for anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory interventions via anti-IL-6 antibody treatment

Diabetes in Danish Bank Voles (M. glareolus): Survivorship, Influence on Weight, and Evaluation of Polydipsia as a Screening Tool for Hyperglycaemia

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have concluded that the development of polydipsia (PD, a daily water intake ≥ 21 ml) among captive Danish bank voles, is associated with the development of a type 1 diabetes (T1D), based on findings of hyperglycaemia, glucosuria, ketonuria/-emia, lipemia, destroyed beta cells, and presence of autoantibodies against GAD65, IA-2, and insulin. AIM AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data from two separate colonies of Danish bank voles in order to 1) estimate survivorship after onset of PD, 2) evaluate whether the weight of PD voles differed from non-PD voles, and, 3), evaluate a state of PD as a practical and non-invasive tool to screen for voles with a high probability of hypeglycaemia. In addition, we discuss regional differences related to the development of diabetes in Scandinavian bank voles and the relevance of the Ljungan virus as proposed etiological agent. RESULTS: We found that median survival after onset of PD is at least 91 days (lower/upper quartiles = 57/134 days) with a maximum recording of at least 404 days survivorship. The development of PD did not influence the weight of Danish bank voles. The measures of accuracy when using PD as predictor of hyperglycaemia, i.e. sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, equalled 69%, 97%, 89%, and 89%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The relatively long survival of Danish PD bank voles suggests potentials for this model in future studies of the long-term complications of diabetes, of which some observations are mentioned. Data also indicates that diabetes in Danish bank is not associated with a higher body weight. Finally, the method of using measurements of daily water intake to screen for voles with a high probability of hyperglycaemia constitutes a considerable refinement when compared to the usual, invasive, methods

Tritiated aspartate handling by isolated rat Langerhans’ islets

FLWNOinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedPoster pour la Réunion de la Société belge de Physiologie et de Pharmacologie fondamentales et cliniques, Bruxelles, Belgium, 18/11/2006, suppl. 66

Role of NMDA glutamate receptors within the amygdale in inhibition of the metabolic effects of acute stress in male mice

Background: Amygdala is known as one of the most important regions of the brain in response to stressful stimuli. In the present study, the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors within the amygdala in inhibition of the metabolic effects of acute stress in male mice was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, bilateral or unilateral amygdala cannulation was performed stereotaxically. After a seven-day recovery period, the animals (11 groups of seven each) received different doses of memantine (1, 0.5, and 0.1 µg/mouse) five min before the stress induction. Food and water intake, delay to eating time, and fecal material as stress metabolic parameters were measured. Results: Stress had no effect on water intake, but reduced food intake and, increased delay to eating time and fecal materials. Moreover, injection of memantine to the right or left side of amygdala decreased water intake, and injection at a dose of 0.1 µg to the left amygdala inhibited the effect of stress and increased the food intake. Also, an injection of memantine in the left or right amygdala decreased delay to eating time and decreased fecal material at 1 and 0.5 µg/mouse doses that the right of the core had the greatest inhibitory effect in this regard. Conclusion: It seems that the amygdala glutamate system, in particular its NMDA receptors, may have a significant effect on regulating the stress responses, which this effect is a side-dependent phenomenon

Effect of chronic stress and intra-amygdal memantine administration on alterations of brain’s volume and weight to volume and weight ratio of the adrenal gland in male mice

Background and Objective: After chronic stress, brain volume and weight reduces and in turn, adrenal weight and volume increases. This study was performed to determine the effect of chronic stress and memantine administration within amygdala on the alterations of brain’s volume and weight ratio to volume and weight of the adrenal gland on male mice. Methods: In this experimental study, bi- or unilateral amygdala cannulation was preformed stereotaxically. A week after recovery, animals were received different doses of memantine (1, 0.5, and 0.1 µg/mouse), five min before stress induction. Electric foot shock induced to animals for seven consecutive days. At the end of the seventh day, animals were sacrificed and their brain and adrenal glands were fixed in formalin 4%. The volume and weight was determined by mercury immersion and accurate balance respectively. Results: Stress non- significantly reduced brain’s volume ratio to volume of the adrenal gland and brain’s weight ratio to weight of the adrenal gland. Memantine administration within amygdala inhibited stress effect. Memantine administration in low and medium doses within right and left amygdala significantly increased brain’s volume and weight ratio to volume and weight of the adrenal gland (P<0.05). Conclusion: Memantine dose and side dependently inhibits the effect of induced stress in male mice. Also, unilateral memantine administration within the left and right amygdala was more effective

DIBc, a nanochelating-based nano metal-organic framework, shows anti-diabetic effects in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Saideh Fakharzadeh,1&ndash;3 Somayeh Kalanaky,2 Maryam Hafizi,2 Mohammad Hassan Nazaran,2 Homeira Zardooz1,3 1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran; 3Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aims: Despite daily increase in diabetic patients in the world, currently approved medications for this disease, at best, only reduce its progression speed. Using novel technologies is a solution for synthetizing more efficient medicines. In the present study, we evaluated anti-diabetic effects of DIBc, a nano metal&ndash;organic framework, which is synthetized based on nanochelating technology.Methods: High-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated by DIBc or metformin for 6 weeks.Results: DIBc decreased plasma glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein compared with diabetic and metformin groups. In DIBc-treated rats, significant homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-&alpha; decrease was observed. H&amp;E staining showed increased islet number and area in DIBc-treated rats compared with diabetic controls.Conclusion: The results showed anti-diabetic effects of nanochelating-based framework. So DIBc, as a nano structure, has the capacity to be evaluated in future studies as a novel anti-diabetic agent. Keywords: DIBc, nanochelating technology, metal organic framework, diabetes, streptozotocin, high-fat diet &nbsp