156 research outputs found
Plasmonic physics of 2D crystalline materials
Collective modes of doped two-dimensional crystalline materials, namely
graphene, MoS and phosphorene, both monolayer and bilayer structures, are
explored using the density functional theory simulations together with the
random phase approximation. The many-body dielectric functions of the materials
are calculated using an {\it ab initio} based model involving
material-realistic physical properties. Having calculated the electron
energy-loss, we calculate the collective modes of each material considering the
in-phase and out-of-phase modes for bilayer structures. Furthermore, owing to
many band structures and intreband transitions, we also find high-energy
excitations in the systems. We explain that the material-specific dielectric
function considering the polarizability of the crystalline material such as
MoS are needed to obtain realistic plasmon dispersions. For each material
studied here, we find different collective modes and describe their physical
origins.Comment: 30 pages, 21 figures (Invited paper) Special issue on Plasmonics,
Photonics and Optoelectronics on Two-Dimensional Material
Treatment Approaches Based on Neuroscientific Data in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe psychological disorder that can be very disabling. Recent increasing neuroscientific data about OCD has provided important evidence that has started to change our knowledge about treatment. This paper offers an applied perspective of neuroscience on diagnosis and treatment preparation for people with OCD disease. The main aim is to enhance clinician-researcher communication to promote the conversion of developments in neuroscience research into better treatment for patients with OCD.
Methods: A PubMed search was performed using the keywords “obsessive-compulsive disorder”, “neuroimaging methods”, “neuroscience”, and “neurological treatment”. The search provided sufficient articles published in peer-reviewed journals from 1995 to 2021. The data were obtained from these various sources and were included in this review.
Results: The advancement of neurotherapeutic techniques targeting the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit is the subject of a circuit dysregulation system. Also, according to neuroimaging studies, reductions in D2 receptors (about -18%), GABAA receptors (-15%), and cingulate 5-HT1A receptors (-18%) in patients with OCD were reported compared with healthy controls.
Conclusion: The result suggests that DA, 5-HT, and GABA have considerable roles in anxiety- and compulsion-related disorders such as OCD. For patients with OCD, these core neuroscience themes collectively guide formulation and clinical preparation
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