124 research outputs found
Waterbirds of Uvs-Nuur Depression
This report provides an overview of water birds (Non-Passeriformes) inhabiting the lakes of Uvs- Nuur Depression. The article includeds material obtained during field work in the Uvs-Nuur Depression during 1999-2006, unpublished observations of rare vagrant species of birds, and data from the literature. Altogether we and others recorded 81 bird species from ten families on the lakes within the basin. The list we provide does not include sparrows or birds from habitats closely associated with the basin. The following non-Passeriformes bird families were noted (with the number of species in parentheses): Gaviidae (1), Podicipedidae (2), Phalacrocoracidae (1), Ardeidae (5), Anatidae (27), Gruidae (6), Charadriidae (5), Recurvirostridae (2), Scolopacidae (21), and Laridae (11). We noted the following rare vagrant species: Ixobrychus minutus, Anser albifrons, Grus leucogeranus. The report also presents some quantitative data of bird observations
Acute Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction: a Comparative Analysis of Open and Laparoscopic Surgery
Background. Acute adhesive small bowel obstruction (AASBO) is a common surgical emergency requiring immediate interventions. AASBO is a usual indication for both small bowel resection and adhesiolysis. Postoperative adhesions cause 60% of small bowel obstructions.Materials and methods. An analysis of treatment outcomes is presented for 197 acute adhesive small bowel obstruction patients; 63 patients had urgent laparotomy, and 134 were scheduled for laparoscopy. The examination included physical, laboratory, radiological methods (abdominal radiography, ultrasound, CT scan), laparoscopy and intra-abdominal pressure monitoring.Results and discussion. Of 134 patients scheduled for laparoscopic adhesiolysis, only 46.2% had laparoscopy completed, and 53.8% required conversion to laparotomy. The main rationale for conversion were massive adhesions, intraoperative haemodynamic instability, a need for intestinal decompression, as well as rare complications. Laparoscopic operations were reported with the lower vs. laparotomy rates of surgical complications (6.4 vs. 12.69%), mortality (6 vs. 6.3%), shorter hospital stays (6.5 vs. 12 days) and operation times (75 vs. 118 min, respectively).Conclusion. Laparoscopic surgery in acute adhesive small bowel obstruction was feasible in 31.47% patients and in 46.2% — after a diagnostic laparoscopy; however, a thorough patients selection for laparoscopic adhesiolysis is necessary. The first estimated should be the patient’s haemodynamic stability, the severities of condition, adhesions and comorbid cardiorespiratory pathology. Grade I—II adhesions are an indication for laparoscopic surgery
Influence of residual disorder on the anticrossing of Bloch modes probed in k space
We retrieve the dispersion properties of photonic crystal waveguides near the band edge with high experimental accuracy. The dispersion diagram of the waveguide modes in the complex-valued plane is directly measured in the far field by using a Fourier space imaging technique. We show that the investigation of the modes in k space provides a clear signature of the transition between propagating, evanescent, and localized modes. It allows us to determine the impact of the structural disorder and of the dissipation on the group velocity of the propagating wave in the slow light regime
Применение технологии циторедуктивной хирургии с процедурой HIPEC в лечении больных распространенным раком яичников
Background. Ovarian cancer ranks 5th in the structure of female oncological mortality in the Russian Federation, with a first-year post-diagnosis rate of almost 35%. In 75% cases, ovarian cancer is diagnosed at stages III—IV. The disease usually represents as peritoneal carcinomatosis regarded as an advanced form that demands attention, which renders the issue highly relevant. We present a literature review and analysis of combined treatment outcomes in ovarian cancer patients hospitalised at the Kuvatov Republican Clinical Hospital within period 2020—2021.Materials and methods. The article reviews foreign and national scientific literature, as well as reports the case data on 18 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer and treated at the Department of Oncology of the Kuvatov Republican Clinical Hospital within period 2020—2021.Results and discussion. A complete cytoreductive surgery was performed in 100% cases. In cohort I, mean operation time was 256 vs. 364 min, mean intraoperative blood loss — 1200 vs. 1050 mL, mean hospital stay — 14.6 vs. 18.7 bed-days. Postoperative complications were 16.7 vs. 50% in cohort I vs. II. A 30-day mortality rate was 0 vs. 16.6% in cohort I vs. II. The monitoring and enrolment of patients currently continues.Conclusion. A HIPEC procedure is not a radical measure and can only achieve a maximum efficacy if coupled with a complete cytoreduction. The treatment of stage III—IV ovarian cancer patients in a concurrent combined approach is promising and requires further in-depth research and a more robust statistics. Введение. В структуре онкологической смертности среди женщин рак яичников занимает 5-е место в РФ, при этом летальность на первом году после верификации диагноза составляет почти 35 %. В 75 % случаев рак яичников диагностируется в III–IV стадии. В большей части заболевание проявляется в виде перитонеального канцероматоза и расценивается как запущенная форма, которая не может остаться без внимания, тем самым делая данную тему весьма актуальной. Проведен обзор литературы, а также проанализированы результаты комбинированного лечения пациентов с раком яичников, находившихся на госпитализации в ГБУЗ РКБ им. Г. Г. Куватова с 2020 по 2021 г.Материал и методы. В статье представлены материалы зарубежных и отечественных научных публикаций, а также данные о лечении 18 пациенток с диагнозом рак яичников, проходивших лечение на базе онкологического отделения ГБУЗ РКБ им. Г. Г. Куватова с 2020 по 2021 г.Результаты и обсуждение. Полное циторедуктивное вмешательство выполнено в 100 % случаев. Среднее время оперативного вмешательства в группе I составило 256 мин против 364 мин, средний объем интраоперационной кровопотери в группе I составил 1200 мл против 1050 мл, среднее время госпитализации в группе I составило 14,6 койко-дня против 18,7 в группе II. Послеоперационные осложнения в группе I — 16,7 %, в группе II — 50 %. 30-дневная летальность — в группе I — 0 %, в группе II — 16,6 %. В настоящий момент мониторинг и набор в группы пациентов продолжается.Заключение. Процедура HIPEC не является радикальным лечением. Максимальная эффективность данной процедуры может быть достигнута только за счет выполнения полной циторедукции. Лечение пациентов с диагнозом «рак яичников» III–IV стадии путем выполнения одномоментного комбинированного подхода является перспективным методом, который требует более углубленного изучения и дальнейшего набора материала.
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Current State of the Art and Schools of Thought
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a global challenge of modern oncology representing the most unfavourable scenario in diverse-locality tumourisation. Despite certain attention by the oncological community, the management of PC patients is currently palliative, which weakly promotes research into the basic principles of this morbidity. This literature review attempts to comprehensively cover the PC problematic from a global perspective and presents a key evidence on the world schools of thought in this area. Briefly taking, peritoneal carcinomatosis is viewed today as a local process in the conventional implantation theory, which imposes a locoregional character on all current or emerging therapies, such as cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Their inadequate efficacy is largely due to pronounced gaps in our understanding of PC logistics and signalling. PSOGI is a key organisation for centralising the specialty effort in peritoneal carcinomatosis. Despite its global geography and approach to PC discussion, a multitude of scientific questions remain unanswered impeding the establishment of novel effective therapies. The seven countries that nurtured distinguished schools of thought in PC studies are the USA, UK, Japan, China, Italy, France and Germany. Taking peritoneal carcinomatosis in a global perspective, an insufficient attention to its problematic in Russia should be addressed. The founding and fostering of national PC institutions will benefit cancer patients and progress in oncological science
Scientific, institutional and personal rivalries among Soviet geographers in the late Stalin era
Scientific, institutional and personal rivalries between three key centres of geographical research and scholarship (the Academy of Sciences Institute of Geography and the Faculties of Geography at Moscow and Leningrad State Universities) are surveyed for the period from 1945 to the early 1950s. It is argued that the debates and rivalries between members of the three institutions appear to have been motivated by a variety of scientific, ideological, institutional and personal factors, but that genuine scientific disagreements were at least as important as political and ideological factors in influencing the course of the debates and in determining their final outcome
АКУСТИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА КРИСТАЛЛА La3Ga5,3Ta0,5Al0,2O14
Development and search for new advanced materials of the lanthanum gallium silicate group with unique thermal properties is of great importance for the development of acoustoelectronics based on volume and surface acoustic waves. The processes of surface acoustic wave excitation and propagation in the La3Ga5.3Ta0.5Al0.2O14 crystal was studied using a double−crystal X−ray diffractometer with a BESSY II synchrotron radiation source. The X−ray diffraction spectra of acoustically modulated crystals were used to measure the surface acoustic wave velocity and power flow angles in different acoustic cuts of the La3Ga5.3Ta0.5Al0.2O14 crystal. Разработка и поиск новых перспективных материалов группы лантангаллиевого силиката с уникальными термическими свойствами имеет большое значение для развития акустоэлектроники на основе объемных и поверхностных акустических волн. Процессы возбуждения и распространения поверхностных акустических волн в La3Ga5,3Ta0,5Al0,2O14 исследованы методом двухкристальной рентгеновской дифрактометрии на источнике синхротронного излучения BESSY II. На основе анализа дифракционных спектров акустически промодулированных кристаллов продемонстрировано, что интенсивности дифракционных сателлитов на кривой качания кристалла ЛГТА изменяются по осциллирующему закону с увеличением амплитуды входного сигнала на ВШП (увеличение амплитуды ПАВ). На основе анализа дифракционных спектров определены скорости распространения ПАВ в Y−срезе (V = 2220 м/с), X−срезе (V = 2340 м/с) и yxl/+36°−срезе кристалла ЛГТА (V = 2622 м/с). Проведено исследование распределения дифрагированной рентгеновской интенсивности по поверхности кристалла, промодулированного ПАВ, что позволило построить карту распределения акустического волнового поля на поверхности Y−, X− и yxl/+36°−срезов кристалла LGTA. Продемонстрировано, что в кристалле ЛГТА отсутствует снос потока акустической энергии в Y−срезе, а в X− и yxl/+36°−срезах снос потока акустической энергии составляет 6,3° и 4,0° соответственно.
Landscape science: a Russian geographical tradition
The Russian geographical tradition of landscape science (landshaftovedenie) is analyzed with particular reference to its initiator, Lev Semenovich Berg (1876-1950). The differences between prevailing Russian and Western concepts of landscape in geography are discussed, and their common origins in German geographical thought in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are delineated. It is argued that the principal differences are accounted for by a number of factors, of which Russia's own distinctive tradition in environmental science deriving from the work of V. V. Dokuchaev (1846-1903), the activities of certain key individuals (such as Berg and C. O. Sauer), and the very different social and political circumstances in different parts of the world appear to be the most significant. At the same time it is noted that neither in Russia nor in the West have geographers succeeded in specifying an agreed and unproblematic understanding of landscape, or more broadly in promoting a common geographical conception of human-environment relationships. In light of such uncertainties, the latter part of the article argues for closer international links between the variant landscape traditions in geography as an important contribution to the quest for sustainability
Острая спаечная кишечная непроходимость: сравнительный анализ открытых и лапароскопических операций
Background. Acute adhesive small bowel obstruction (AASBO) is a common surgical emergency requiring immediate interventions. AASBO is a usual indication for both small bowel resection and adhesiolysis. Postoperative adhesions cause 60% of small bowel obstructions.Materials and methods. An analysis of treatment outcomes is presented for 197 acute adhesive small bowel obstruction patients; 63 patients had urgent laparotomy, and 134 were scheduled for laparoscopy. The examination included physical, laboratory, radiological methods (abdominal radiography, ultrasound, CT scan), laparoscopy and intra-abdominal pressure monitoring.Results and discussion. Of 134 patients scheduled for laparoscopic adhesiolysis, only 46.2% had laparoscopy completed, and 53.8% required conversion to laparotomy. The main rationale for conversion were massive adhesions, intraoperative haemodynamic instability, a need for intestinal decompression, as well as rare complications. Laparoscopic operations were reported with the lower vs. laparotomy rates of surgical complications (6.4 vs. 12.69%), mortality (6 vs. 6.3%), shorter hospital stays (6.5 vs. 12 days) and operation times (75 vs. 118 min, respectively).Conclusion. Laparoscopic surgery in acute adhesive small bowel obstruction was feasible in 31.47% patients and in 46.2% — after a diagnostic laparoscopy; however, a thorough patients selection for laparoscopic adhesiolysis is necessary. The first estimated should be the patient’s haemodynamic stability, the severities of condition, adhesions and comorbid cardiorespiratory pathology. Grade I—II adhesions are an indication for laparoscopic surgery. Введение. Острая спаечная кишечная непроходимость (ОСКН) является одной из частых причин в экстренной хирургии, требующих выполнения неотложных оперативных вмешательств. ОСКН — наиболее частое показание как для резекции тонкой кишки, так и для адгезиолизиса. В 60 % причиной обструкции тонкой кишки являются послеоперационные спайки.Материалы и методы. Представлен анализ результатов лечения 197 больных с острой спаечной кишечной непроходимостью, из которых 63 пациентам была выполнена экстренная лапаротомия, 134 — планировали лапароскопические операции. В обследовании применяли физикальные, лабораторные, лучевые методы исследования (обзорная рентгенография живота, УЗИ, КТ), лапароскопию, мониторинг внутрибрюшного давления.Результаты и обсуждение. Из 134 пациентов, запланированных на лапароскопический адгезиолизис, только у 46,2 % операция завершена лапароскопически, в 53,8 % потребовалась конверсия на лапаротомию. Основными причинами конверсии были массивный спаечный процесс, интраоперационная нестабильность гемодинамики, потребность в декомпрессии кишечника, редко — осложнения. При лапароскопических операциях отметили снижение частоты хирургических осложнений по сравнению с лапаротомией (6,4 и 12,69 %), летальности (6 и 6,3 %), сроков госпитализации (6,5 и 12 дней), сокращение продолжительности операций (75 и 118 минут соответственно).Заключение. Хирургическое лечение лапароскопическим методом больных с острой спаечной кишечной непроходимостью возможно у 31,47 % к их общему числу, в 46,2 % — после диагностической лапароскопии, но требуется тщательный отбор больных на лапароскопический адгезиолизис. Прежде всего необходимо оценить тяжесть состояния больных, стабильность гемодинамики, выраженность спаечного процесса и коморбидной кардиореспираторной патологии. Показанием к лапароскопическим операциям является спаечный процесс I– II степени.
- …