Effects of tooth movement on the alveolar bone in osteoporotic rats

歯科矯正治療についての知識や情報が一般的に知られ,歯の健康に対する意識や審美的意識の向上により,なかでも成人女性の矯正治療を希望する割合は年々増加する傾向にある。しかし,女性は40歳をさかいに骨密度が減少すると言われている。骨粗鬆症と歯槽骨の関係に関してはいくつかの報告があるが,歯の移動に関する報告はほとんどない。本研究では,12週齢の正常ラットと骨粗鬆症ラットの臼歯部に,矯正治療用ゴムリングを挿入し歯の移動を行った。歯槽骨の組織学的観察は一次抗体にTGF-β1抗体を用いた免疫組織染色法にて行った.その結果,骨粗鬆症であっても矯正力でTGF-β1は誘導され,歯槽骨骨梁の骨芽細胞ならびに破骨細胞に作用し,骨形成と骨吸収の両作用を活性化することにより歯槽骨の改造を引き起こすが,骨粗鬆症群では骨吸収の亢進と骨形成開始の遅延が生じている可能性が示唆された。With recently prevailed knowledge and information on orthodontic treatment as well as improved awareness about dental health and aesthetic concerns, the proportion of adult female orthodontic patients has tended to increase yearly. The decreases of bone density in females forty and older are known. Although several reports have investigated the possible relationship between osteoporosis and the alveolar bone, we could not find a report concerning the tooth movement in relation to this disease. In this study, we confirmed that tooth movement was experimentally induced by inserting a gum ring for orthodontic treatment onto the molar site of normal and osteoporotic rats 12 weeks postpartum. The histological study of the alveolar bone was performed with immunohistological staining using TGF- β 1 antibody as a primary antibody. As a result, we found that TGF-β 1 is induced by orthodontic force and acts on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the alveolar bone and ultimately induces a reconstruction of alveolar bone through activation of both bone formation and resorption. This also occurred even in the case of osteoporosis, however, an enhanced bone resorption and delayed initiation of bone formation was suggested in the osteoporotic group

Prevention of hypoglycemia by intermittent-scanning continuous glucose monitoring device combined with structured education in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus : A randomized, crossover trial

Aims: We conducted a randomized, crossover trial to compare intermittent-scanning continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) device with structured education (Intervention) to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) (Control) in the reduction of time below range. Methods: This crossover trial involved 104 adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using multiple daily injections. Participants were randomly allocated to either sequence Intervention/Control or sequence Control/Intervention. During the Intervention period which lasted 84 days, participants used the first-generation FreeStyle Libre (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA, USA) and received structured education on how to prevent hypoglycemia based on the trend arrow and by frequent sensor scanning (≥10 times a day). Confirmatory SMBG was conducted before dosing insulin. The Control period lasted 84 days. The primary endpoint was the decrease in the time below range (TBR; <70 mg/dL). Results: The time below range was significantly reduced in the Intervention arm compared to the Control arm (2.42 ± 1.68 h/day [10.1 %±7.0 %] vs 3.10 ± 2.28 h/day [12.9 %±9.5 %], P = 0.012). The ratio of high-risk participants with low blood glucose index >5 was significantly reduced (8.6 % vs 23.7 %, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of isCGM combined with structured education significantly reduced the time below range in patients with T1DM

Mouthwash-Based Highly Sensitive Pyro-Genotyping for Nine Sexually Transmitted Human Papilloma Virus Genotypes

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, which spreads via contact with infected genital, anal, and oral/pharyngeal areas (oral sex) owing to diverse manners of sexual intercourse. In this study, we devised an oral HPV detection method using mouthwash waste fluids that causes less psychological resistance to visiting the outpatient otolaryngology departments. We successfully detected only the specific unique reverse sequencing probe (using pyro-genotyping) and identified the nine genotypes of HPV targeted for vaccination by pyrosequencing the mouthwash waste fluids of non-head and neck cancer patient volunteers (n = 52). A relatively large number (11/52) of mouthwash waste fluids tested positive for HPV (21.2%; genotype 6, n = 1; 11, n = 1; 16, n = 1; and 18, n = 8). These results surpassed the sensitivity observed testing the same specimens using the conventional method (1/52, 1.9%). Our method (pyro-genotyping) was developed using nine HPV genotypes targeted for vaccination and the results were highly sensitive compared to those of the conventional method. This less expensive, high-throughput, and simple method can be used for detecting oral HPV infection with fewer socio-psychological barriers

Persistent Hypochloremia Is Associated with Adverse Prognosis in Patients Repeatedly Hospitalized for Heart Failure

Background: Hypochloremia reflects neuro-hormonal activation in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the prognostic impact of persistent hypochloremia in those patients remains unclear. Methods: We collected the data of patients who were hospitalized for HF at least twice between 2010 and 2021 (n = 348). Dialysis patients (n = 26) were excluded. The patients were divided into four groups based on the absence/presence of hypochloremia (&lt;98 mmol/L) at discharge from their first and second hospitalizations: Group A (patients without hypochloremia at their first and second hospitalizations, n = 243); Group B (those with hypochloremia at their first hospitalization and without hypochloremia at their second hospitalization, n = 29); Group C (those without hypochloremia at their first hospitalization and with hypochloremia at their second hospitalization, n = 34); and Group D (those with hypochloremia at their first and second hospitalizations, n = 16). Results: a Kaplan&ndash;Meier analysis revealed that all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality were the highest in Group D compared to the other groups. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that persistent hypochloremia was independently associated with both all-cause death (hazard ratio 3.490, p &lt; 0.001) and cardiac death (hazard ratio 3.919, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: In patients with HF, prolonged hypochloremia over two hospitalizations is associated with an adverse prognosis